What is innovative talent? Different countries have different understandings of their connotations. The domestic education community understands this issue differently, but mainly explains innovation from the perspectives of creativity, innovation awareness, innovation spirit, and innovation ability. Talent. The highlight of innovation education is “innovationâ€, and the foothold is also “innovationâ€. It is based on the purpose of creating individuality and cultivating people. It is based on the overall development of people’s overall quality and aims to improve the quality of life of educated people and comprehensively improve the entire nation. Quality education. How to cultivate creative talents? Many scholars and experts believe that talent cultivation has four major factors: First, a clear goal for personnel training; second, a scientific talent training model; third, there are potential training targets; and fourth, there is a group of Excellent talent trainer. Therefore, grasping the cultivation of innovative talents must also proceed from these four elements.
Talent training objectives
Printing engineering is one of the disciplines with a wide cross-section and rapid development. In the past decade or so, the development of printing technology has been concentrated on the wide application of computer technology, digital media technology, and network technology, as well as the integration of print reproduction production processes including prepress, printing, and postpress processing based on the above three technologies. Production is the direction of technological development in the printing industry. In the face of such rapid knowledge, technological progress and changing talent demand, and from the past elite education to quality education today, how to maximize the use of existing teaching experiment resources? How Targeting the talent training goal of the undergraduate major in printing engineering is a common issue faced by all colleges and universities.
Printing engineering is one of the specialties of the Beijing Institute of Printing. It has a history of running schools for nearly 50 years and has a very deep accumulation. It is relatively mature and stable for the training of talents.
In the past training programs, more education focused on professional courses, and mainly reflected in the knowledge structure of offset printing technology, does not fully reflect the development of modern printing technology, the overall goal of talent cultivation is elite education model. After the higher education shifts from the original elite education to popular education, changes in the guiding ideology of running schools, changes in the objectives of personnel training, and increased investment in education funds, and improvements in experimental conditions have made it impossible to meet the original talent training objectives. Social needs for talent.
The printing engineering profession “processes and processes images and textual information in accordance with human visual, physiological and psychological characteristics and aesthetic requirements, and stores, transmits, or presents the results of processing and processing on certain tangible carriers to form prints and publications. The basic theory, science and technology, and engineering practice involved in the printing process are the main targets of its research. According to this essential feature, through many years of exploration, the goal of talent training is currently determined as follows: the training of this major meets the needs of socialist modernization, the development of morality, intelligence, body, and beauty, and systematically masters the basic theoretical knowledge of printing engineering. Skills, with modern graphic and textual information processing, reproduction and modern printing and copying skills. Familiar with the basic methods of graphic processing technology, printing process design, print quality control, and printability testing, with strong practical ability and innovative spirit. Can be applied in the printing and packaging, publishing, advertising and related industries engaged in printing process design, technology management, quality control and other related work of the application of senior professionals.
The orientation of the printing engineering profession is expressed as follows: The profession is oriented towards modern printing and related industries, and it actively adapts to the needs of national economic construction and social development, and cultivates application-oriented senior specialized personnel with the comprehensive quality and creative spirit of the printing engineering profession.
The construction of personnel training mode
According to personnel training objectives and professional orientation, in recent years, the printing engineering major has been continuously exploring talent training models to achieve the goal of talent cultivation. In the construction of the talent cultivation model, it mainly starts from the following aspects.
The construction of the curriculum system
The rational adjustment and overall optimization of the curriculum system and structure are the central links for achieving professional orientation, training objectives and training specifications.
First, based on the discipline attributes of the printing engineering profession, a basic education platform for the public foundation and disciplines is reasonably constructed to ensure that students have solid basic knowledge, good quality and adaptability.
Second, in order to consolidate basic education, the printing engineering profession condensed seven professional core courses in the curriculum system (color theory, information recording materials and applications, principles of image processing and plate making, printing materials and fitness, printing principles, printing processes, and printing Post-processing technology). The professional core curriculum is a curriculum that embodies professional discipline attributes and characteristics, and plays a fundamental supporting role in professional training plans and personnel training objectives. It is the most basic course that students must acquire to obtain a bachelor's degree in this major. Other professional courses basically realize the curriculum. Elective, so as to achieve the requirements of personalized training.
Finally, in the teaching content, in line with the principle of “broadening the caliber, consolidating the foundation, optimizing the system, less speaking, stressing practice, and strengthening the abilityâ€, we will optimize the design of the overall structure of the undergraduate professional training program, and increase the optimization of the curriculum system. Restructuring efforts, compressing the total credits of the course, and adopting a variety of training modes such as major and minor revisions, two-degree system, and school-enterprise cooperation to achieve the goal of training composite application talents.
The construction of practice
In order to further improve the students’ practical ability, the printing engineering major will increase the construction of laboratories and practice links. For the experiments in specialized courses, the printing engineering experiment center shall be responsible for this. The printing engineering experiment center has an existing area of ​​1,000 square meters. The value of 15 million yuan is mainly composed of color and vision laboratories, graphic processing laboratories, paper and ink laboratories, and printability laboratories. The training of students’ practical abilities is mainly completed by a comprehensive engineering training center for printing projects. The comprehensive training center for printing projects is a demonstration center for experimental teaching in Beijing. It covers an area of ​​1200 square meters and is mainly composed of an apple room (40 units) and a CTP center. (2 sets), digital printing laboratory, analog printing laboratory, gravure plate making and proofing laboratory, flexo plate making laboratory, printing processing laboratory and other components. The center is all first-class modern printing production equipment.
In the construction of practical teaching system, the following two measures have been taken: increasing the number of experiments in specialized courses, reducing the number of confirmatory experiments, and increasing comprehensive and design experiments; the practice of training programs has increased to 40 weeks. Time, practice links include curriculum design, understanding of internships, professional internships, top production internships, graduation internships and so on. Especially for professional internships, it is a new highlight of the printing engineering profession. Professional internships are mainly completed in the school's integrated printing engineering training center. The content of professional internships is designed with 15 modules on the right, and an additional 10 or so innovations are expected. The training module provides training for capable students. In the way of internship, the theoretical part is undertaken by the internship instructors, and the practice part is mainly undertaken by the intern master of the internship factory; the internship time is 4 hours per week for a period of one year. After the completion of the professional internship, an eight-week top production internship is performed, which is mainly undertaken by the off-campus practice base.
The building of innovation capabilities
A new practical teaching system has been established that combines multi-levels, modularization, capacity development and skills training, and scientific research and experimental teaching. This system includes: curriculum experiment, practical training, engineering training, scientific research, personalization training and other links. Links interact with each other in both directions. The entire practical teaching system and theoretical teaching system complement each other and promote each other, further improving the improvement of students' knowledge system and improving the cultivation of students' innovative ability.
In the above-mentioned practical teaching system, curriculum experiments and practical training are the basic requirements of the syllabus and are the practical teaching links that each student must complete; while engineering training and individualized training are based on quality education and general education. For students who have spare capacity and highlight the personality characteristics of talents, combined with the practical characteristics of the printing engineering disciplines for students to increase the establishment of innovative personnel training an important part. By further broadening the professional practice link, combined with the relevant practical ability training in scientific research and engineering practice, we will further develop students' ability to engage in research and development of different technologies. Practical teaching is divided into two parts. On the one hand, students participate in teachers' research topics. Not only do they improve their ability from a practical perspective, but they also develop the ability of students to engage in scientific research through the whole process of scientific research. They understand the cutting-edge development of disciplines and further stimulate learning interest. On the other hand, the graduation thesis requires strict one-to-one, one-to-one, and requires the content of graduation thesis to be closely combined with the scientific research or engineering practice undertaken by the teacher, so that students can carry out scientific research in the entire thesis work.
In addition, in order to strengthen the students' quality education and improve their ability to innovate, there are 10 credits of extracurricular practice credits in the training program. Each student must obtain these 10 credits in order to graduate.
The change of personnel training mechanism lays the foundation for the training of high-quality talents
In 2007, the printing engineering major promoted the credit system in the mechanism of personnel training. The implementation of the credit system is a further development of the education reform, and it is the deepening of the innovation of the teaching management system. The implementation of the credit system can promote the sharing of resources, facilitate the infiltration of arts and sciences and the development of borders and emerging disciplines, and can increase the teachers’ sense of competition, teaching ability and enthusiasm. From the perspective of individual development, implementing the credit system, respecting students' interests, emphasizing individual development, and replacing the rigid school system with a flexible academic system are major measures for cultivating a large number of high-quality innovative talents. The implementation of the credit system is conducive to stimulating students' enthusiasm for active learning, inspiring students' spirit of innovation, and fostering the development of a broad-based, multi-abilities composite talent.