Relevant information shows that there are more than 10,000 varieties of paper produced in the world, but there are more than 400 types of paper products that are normally exposed.
1. What is paper? In a broad sense, paper includes paper and paperboard. Generally speaking, paper is a type of paper with a specified amount per square meter of 150 to 200g. The specified amount of paper is 150 to 200g per square meter. The above paper species. In general, thin and light called paper, thick and hard called cardboard, between the two is called cardboard (thick paper).
To define the paper in a simple, memory-based way, the layer “natural fibers form a thin sheet of material in the presence of waterâ€. This fully shows that the relationship between paper and water is extremely close, but it is also a very troublesome relationship. This formed a bond of innocence since the day the paper was born.
Paper is made by suspending plant fibers floating in water and evenly dispersing them in water. It can be said that the raw material pulp is fed into the paper machine along with a large amount of water. After the water is filtered out, it is flaky and densely intertwined to dry. It is cut to the standard size and can be used for notes, printing, and packaging.
Second, the papermaking method The most common papermaking method is two kinds, that is, manual papermaking and mechanical papermaking, the principle is the same. Plant fibers that are fully swollen with water can be decanted by flowing them onto the filter. If mechanical papermaking is used, the water can be squeezed out by mechanical means to allow the water to evaporate and be converted into paper. The important point here is that the fibers can easily absorb water. The water is swollen enough to form a network between the fibers. After the water is removed, it is first made into wet paper. The wet paper is dried and becomes paper.
The process of swelling plants with water is very important. This is because its main component is cellulose, and cellulose molecules contain a myriad of -OH groups, which are easily affiliated with water and belong to hydrophilic substances. The reason is that in turn, they use the properties of this substance to make paper. So how much raw material is used to produce 1 kilogram of cellulose?
To use 1.8 kg of wood containing cellulose and lignin, 0.9 kg of wood pulp was prepared with the help of liquid Na2SO 415-50 g and CaCO 310-35 g. After bleaching with Cl2, NaOH, ClO260~120g, add 100~200g of filler (white clay, talcum powder) (this is needed for printability), sizing to make 1kg of paper, and use about water in this process. 250 liters.
Third, the classification of paper is divided into two major categories, paper and board, from the perspective of the thickness of the paper, from the appropriate point of view of the separation of roll paper and a single sheet of paper. The classification of paper is generally based on the use classification, such as newsprint, coating paper for printing, non-coated paper for printing, packaging paper, note paper, and miscellaneous paper. For cardboard, except for corrugated paper, there are white cardboard and colored cardboard.
Not long ago, there was a new formulation for the concept of paper. Pulp paper made mainly of plant fibers was called first-generation paper, and chemical fiber paper made by adding a portion of chemical fibers was called second-generation paper, using a small amount of paper. Foaming agent, polyethylene paper or polyester paper formed by internal foaming is called third-generation paper. Commercially known as synthetic paper, there are mainly raw materials that are not used, and new ones based on their specific functions. Paper species, known as the fourth generation of paper, such as digital paper. Five senses of paper and so on.
Fourth, the study of paper Because today's paper has become an indispensable valuable material for the printing industry. In order to understand paper in depth, a new science called paper science. It has a wide range of objects to be studied. Miao first looks at the texture of the paper, that is, the lightness of the texture of the paper, which is related to the structure of the paper layer, the speed of papermaking, and the ratio of raw materials. The weight of the paper refers to The weight of a square meter, which is the basis of papermaking, is usually called buying paper. It is to buy this weight. In order to study paper, you need to understand its moisture content and density. Here's an incredible example of paper moisture absorption. For example, when the relative humidity is 60%, the moisture absorption rate of the paper is 5%. After drying and then returning to the original 60%, it is strange that the moisture absorption rate of the paper at this time will become 8%. The reason is that even if the relative Like the humidity, the moisture absorption from above and the conditions from below are different. However, this subtle nature becomes more and more solid after repeated drying, moisture absorption and drying processes, and no different moisture absorption occurs. The drying paper that was originally printed in the printing shop was conducted in order to obtain this relative stability.
The United States has a new term for the study of paper printability called "paper efficiency." In order to understand the relationship between ink absorption and color rendering of paper, it is possible to predict what the ink will change when the ink is printed on the paper. This has a great influence on improving the quality of color printing products.
Fifth, the specification of the paper is a standard commonly used for paper, and its use is different from its standard. The size of the paper, usually hung on the mouth, is always limited by the size of the press. Therefore, the current paper specifications often follow the A series and B series commonly used in Japan and the United States. This is a specification that applies to a single sheet of paper. Usually, the A4 is a large 16 open, and the B5 is a 16 open.
A(mm) B(mm)
0 841×1189 1030×1456
1 594×841 728×1030
2 420×594 515×728
3 297×420 364×515
4 210×297 257×364
5 148×210 182×257
6 105×148 128×182
7 74×105 91×128
8 52×74 64×91
9 37×52 45×64
10 26×37 32×45
The length of the web is generally 6000m, and the width is 1575mm, 1092mm, 880mm, and 787mm. Web width error does not exceed ± 3mm.
Sixth, the most commonly used paper printing industry, the largest amount of paper to be newsprint and books and printing paper. The ration of newsprint paper is 51g/m2, with fine wood pulp as the main raw material, its performance is mainly good ink absorption, so that it can adapt to the requirements of high-speed newspaper printer. In the printing and printing paper, it is divided into clay coated paper and uncoated non-coated paper after mixing with clay and mineral pigments and adhesives. The most famous coating paper is coated paper, which is made of clay. Add pigment, coated with adhesive, with strong gloss, divided into two-sided coating, single painting. There is also a matt coated paper with a very low gloss and high smoothness, as well as a paper made by polishing on a polishing roller of a paper machine. Commonly known as a machine-coated paper, coated paper is mostly suitable for gravure printing. At present, more used in the printing of books and periodicals is the use of offset-free, offset lint-free offset printing papers, and white newspapers, also known as straw papers, which contain a large amount of fine wood pulp. The higher quality requirements are in the absence of fine wood pulp, while bleached kraft pulp, commonly known as offset paper, is used extensively to print periodicals.
The larger and lighter amount of paper should be a dictionary paper made of chemical paper, with high opacity, good quality, and a weight of 20g/m2. In addition, a large number of wrapping papers are used in life, among which the most famous ones are kraft paper made from kraft pulp and cellophane made from bleached chemical wood pulp.
The distinctive paper is the decorative paper used to paste the wall. It is also called wallpaper. It is large in area, strong in texture and rich in texture. Commonly used polyvinyl chloride wallpaper made of plastic film and paper-based hot-pressing has become an indispensable material for home interior decoration.
Seventh, there are special effects paper In the real life environment, in addition to the commonly used paper, there are several kinds of papers that are in great need of people and can not be ignored, here a brief introduction.
Corrugated paperboard For the convenience of light industrial products and food logistics, corrugated paperboard was born in the United States in 1871. It is popular for its light weight, high strength, and low price, and it has become a leader in packaging paperboard.
Corrugated cardboard is divided into three categories: single-sided corrugated cardboard, double-sided corrugated cardboard and composite double-sided corrugated cardboard. It is characterized by a wavy rib on the paper surface, which acts as a decompression force against gravity. The main raw material used was unbleached kraft pulp.
The manufacturing method is that the corrugated paper is first hot-pressed into a convex rib shape to make it flexible, and then it is made by bonding it with a surface paper. If the surface paper is bonded to the front and back surfaces of a corrugated convex core paper, it becomes a double-faced corrugated cardboard. For use with heavy materials, composite double-faced corrugated cardboard can be used for more expensive commodity packaging such as home appliances.
The printing of corrugated board mainly uses rubber relief printing or flexographic printing. Beautifully printed corrugated cardboard can serve as a promotional product. Therefore, the quality requirements for the production of corrugated board are getting more and more attention. After 1960, the manufacturing technology of corrugated board has made rapid development, making it the protagonist of packaging materials. Recently, in many countries that focus on the packaging of goods, corrugated cardboard with more fine ribs has been introduced. It is not only light and beautiful, but also feels touchy and economical.
The used corrugated board can be recycled as waste paper and is a good resource for papermaking.
Synthetic paper modern printing industry cannot be without paper. However, the consumption of paper raw materials has increased dramatically, and it has been unrealistic to produce paper resource sheets from nature. As a result, people are constantly seeking new raw materials for papermaking and new types of paper. Under the persecution of this living environment, synthetic paper processed from petroleum products has emerged.
The main raw materials of synthetic paper are polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene and so on. Its characteristics are soft texture, strong pull. It does not yellow under illumination, nor does it produce stretching due to temperature changes, and it has good heat formability and drug resistance.
The first type of synthetic paper is made of a plastic film for paper-based processing, embossing, and filling processes. Its advantages are strength, good water resistance, and can be used to print water-resistant newspapers, maps, banknotes, and aquatic paper. And because of its small flexibility, smooth surface, and good whiteness, it is suitable for color printing. The disadvantage is poor heat resistance and no recovery.
The second type of synthetic paper is a synthetic pulp obtained by mixing two or more types of synthetic resins, and is used for papermaking. The paper can be produced using an existing papermaking machine, and the properties suitable for the use are better than those of the previous one, and can also be recycled. Can be used for printing, but also for wrapping paper.
The emergence of synthetic paper provides people with new ways to open up paper sources. The direction of future development is that pulp paper will develop toward lightweight paper, while chemical paper will develop front-end paper.
The new century of five senses of paper is an era that emphasizes environmental protection. The idea of ​​developing the Five Sense Papers is to meet the needs of the digital century, that is, an environment-friendly paper that touches people's five senses through touch.
The five-touch paper is a special product that fully meets the feeling of human skin. As long as the hand touches it, the natural rhythm is immediately reflected in the senses of the human body, just like the touch of a moist or pleasant feeling of the plant.
From a superficial point of view, the front and back sides are formed with an uneven angle, which is suitable for printing. High-quality color prints can be obtained. The weight is lighter, and the total fineness is about 50 kg, and each thickness is about 300 kg.
The manufacturing raw materials are made of 100% of old waste paper and 20% of kenaf. Satisfactory economic results. This is a true environment-friendly paper. Among the many non-wood papers, due to the use of Kenaf as a raw material, papers with strong fiber properties have been produced, which are basically neutral papers. .
The five-touch paper is extremely versatile and can be used for wrapping paper, calendars, posters, commercial promotional materials, etc., because it has the rich feel of woven cotton and has a similar textile-like texture.
Digital Paper, also known as Electronic Paper, is a framework for breaking paper media. When paperless society arrives, it is the only paper left for writing.
Digital paper has two special functions, namely a paper-like display device (Pacer like display), which forms a rewritable paper. The principle is to use very fine particles to be randomly scattered on special paper. This special paper is made of chemical fiber, and the introduction of voltage facilitates the movement of particles to form an image. A digital paper can be reused more than 1000 times. .
Obviously, the digital media people dream of new media. It is a product that lives between a soft copy and a hard copy. It requires that the goal is to achieve print-like readability in terms of basic capabilities, which can be erased and rewritten. Ideal for energy, etc. Additional functions require machining on the surface and can be displayed
1. What is paper? In a broad sense, paper includes paper and paperboard. Generally speaking, paper is a type of paper with a specified amount per square meter of 150 to 200g. The specified amount of paper is 150 to 200g per square meter. The above paper species. In general, thin and light called paper, thick and hard called cardboard, between the two is called cardboard (thick paper).
To define the paper in a simple, memory-based way, the layer “natural fibers form a thin sheet of material in the presence of waterâ€. This fully shows that the relationship between paper and water is extremely close, but it is also a very troublesome relationship. This formed a bond of innocence since the day the paper was born.
Paper is made by suspending plant fibers floating in water and evenly dispersing them in water. It can be said that the raw material pulp is fed into the paper machine along with a large amount of water. After the water is filtered out, it is flaky and densely intertwined to dry. It is cut to the standard size and can be used for notes, printing, and packaging.
Second, the papermaking method The most common papermaking method is two kinds, that is, manual papermaking and mechanical papermaking, the principle is the same. Plant fibers that are fully swollen with water can be decanted by flowing them onto the filter. If mechanical papermaking is used, the water can be squeezed out by mechanical means to allow the water to evaporate and be converted into paper. The important point here is that the fibers can easily absorb water. The water is swollen enough to form a network between the fibers. After the water is removed, it is first made into wet paper. The wet paper is dried and becomes paper.
The process of swelling plants with water is very important. This is because its main component is cellulose, and cellulose molecules contain a myriad of -OH groups, which are easily affiliated with water and belong to hydrophilic substances. The reason is that in turn, they use the properties of this substance to make paper. So how much raw material is used to produce 1 kilogram of cellulose?
To use 1.8 kg of wood containing cellulose and lignin, 0.9 kg of wood pulp was prepared with the help of liquid Na2SO 415-50 g and CaCO 310-35 g. After bleaching with Cl2, NaOH, ClO260~120g, add 100~200g of filler (white clay, talcum powder) (this is needed for printability), sizing to make 1kg of paper, and use about water in this process. 250 liters.
Third, the classification of paper is divided into two major categories, paper and board, from the perspective of the thickness of the paper, from the appropriate point of view of the separation of roll paper and a single sheet of paper. The classification of paper is generally based on the use classification, such as newsprint, coating paper for printing, non-coated paper for printing, packaging paper, note paper, and miscellaneous paper. For cardboard, except for corrugated paper, there are white cardboard and colored cardboard.
Not long ago, there was a new formulation for the concept of paper. Pulp paper made mainly of plant fibers was called first-generation paper, and chemical fiber paper made by adding a portion of chemical fibers was called second-generation paper, using a small amount of paper. Foaming agent, polyethylene paper or polyester paper formed by internal foaming is called third-generation paper. Commercially known as synthetic paper, there are mainly raw materials that are not used, and new ones based on their specific functions. Paper species, known as the fourth generation of paper, such as digital paper. Five senses of paper and so on.
Fourth, the study of paper Because today's paper has become an indispensable valuable material for the printing industry. In order to understand paper in depth, a new science called paper science. It has a wide range of objects to be studied. Miao first looks at the texture of the paper, that is, the lightness of the texture of the paper, which is related to the structure of the paper layer, the speed of papermaking, and the ratio of raw materials. The weight of the paper refers to The weight of a square meter, which is the basis of papermaking, is usually called buying paper. It is to buy this weight. In order to study paper, you need to understand its moisture content and density. Here's an incredible example of paper moisture absorption. For example, when the relative humidity is 60%, the moisture absorption rate of the paper is 5%. After drying and then returning to the original 60%, it is strange that the moisture absorption rate of the paper at this time will become 8%. The reason is that even if the relative Like the humidity, the moisture absorption from above and the conditions from below are different. However, this subtle nature becomes more and more solid after repeated drying, moisture absorption and drying processes, and no different moisture absorption occurs. The drying paper that was originally printed in the printing shop was conducted in order to obtain this relative stability.
The United States has a new term for the study of paper printability called "paper efficiency." In order to understand the relationship between ink absorption and color rendering of paper, it is possible to predict what the ink will change when the ink is printed on the paper. This has a great influence on improving the quality of color printing products.
Fifth, the specification of the paper is a standard commonly used for paper, and its use is different from its standard. The size of the paper, usually hung on the mouth, is always limited by the size of the press. Therefore, the current paper specifications often follow the A series and B series commonly used in Japan and the United States. This is a specification that applies to a single sheet of paper. Usually, the A4 is a large 16 open, and the B5 is a 16 open.
A(mm) B(mm)
0 841×1189 1030×1456
1 594×841 728×1030
2 420×594 515×728
3 297×420 364×515
4 210×297 257×364
5 148×210 182×257
6 105×148 128×182
7 74×105 91×128
8 52×74 64×91
9 37×52 45×64
10 26×37 32×45
The length of the web is generally 6000m, and the width is 1575mm, 1092mm, 880mm, and 787mm. Web width error does not exceed ± 3mm.
Sixth, the most commonly used paper printing industry, the largest amount of paper to be newsprint and books and printing paper. The ration of newsprint paper is 51g/m2, with fine wood pulp as the main raw material, its performance is mainly good ink absorption, so that it can adapt to the requirements of high-speed newspaper printer. In the printing and printing paper, it is divided into clay coated paper and uncoated non-coated paper after mixing with clay and mineral pigments and adhesives. The most famous coating paper is coated paper, which is made of clay. Add pigment, coated with adhesive, with strong gloss, divided into two-sided coating, single painting. There is also a matt coated paper with a very low gloss and high smoothness, as well as a paper made by polishing on a polishing roller of a paper machine. Commonly known as a machine-coated paper, coated paper is mostly suitable for gravure printing. At present, more used in the printing of books and periodicals is the use of offset-free, offset lint-free offset printing papers, and white newspapers, also known as straw papers, which contain a large amount of fine wood pulp. The higher quality requirements are in the absence of fine wood pulp, while bleached kraft pulp, commonly known as offset paper, is used extensively to print periodicals.
The larger and lighter amount of paper should be a dictionary paper made of chemical paper, with high opacity, good quality, and a weight of 20g/m2. In addition, a large number of wrapping papers are used in life, among which the most famous ones are kraft paper made from kraft pulp and cellophane made from bleached chemical wood pulp.
The distinctive paper is the decorative paper used to paste the wall. It is also called wallpaper. It is large in area, strong in texture and rich in texture. Commonly used polyvinyl chloride wallpaper made of plastic film and paper-based hot-pressing has become an indispensable material for home interior decoration.
Seventh, there are special effects paper In the real life environment, in addition to the commonly used paper, there are several kinds of papers that are in great need of people and can not be ignored, here a brief introduction.
Corrugated paperboard For the convenience of light industrial products and food logistics, corrugated paperboard was born in the United States in 1871. It is popular for its light weight, high strength, and low price, and it has become a leader in packaging paperboard.
Corrugated cardboard is divided into three categories: single-sided corrugated cardboard, double-sided corrugated cardboard and composite double-sided corrugated cardboard. It is characterized by a wavy rib on the paper surface, which acts as a decompression force against gravity. The main raw material used was unbleached kraft pulp.
The manufacturing method is that the corrugated paper is first hot-pressed into a convex rib shape to make it flexible, and then it is made by bonding it with a surface paper. If the surface paper is bonded to the front and back surfaces of a corrugated convex core paper, it becomes a double-faced corrugated cardboard. For use with heavy materials, composite double-faced corrugated cardboard can be used for more expensive commodity packaging such as home appliances.
The printing of corrugated board mainly uses rubber relief printing or flexographic printing. Beautifully printed corrugated cardboard can serve as a promotional product. Therefore, the quality requirements for the production of corrugated board are getting more and more attention. After 1960, the manufacturing technology of corrugated board has made rapid development, making it the protagonist of packaging materials. Recently, in many countries that focus on the packaging of goods, corrugated cardboard with more fine ribs has been introduced. It is not only light and beautiful, but also feels touchy and economical.
The used corrugated board can be recycled as waste paper and is a good resource for papermaking.
Synthetic paper modern printing industry cannot be without paper. However, the consumption of paper raw materials has increased dramatically, and it has been unrealistic to produce paper resource sheets from nature. As a result, people are constantly seeking new raw materials for papermaking and new types of paper. Under the persecution of this living environment, synthetic paper processed from petroleum products has emerged.
The main raw materials of synthetic paper are polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene and so on. Its characteristics are soft texture, strong pull. It does not yellow under illumination, nor does it produce stretching due to temperature changes, and it has good heat formability and drug resistance.
The first type of synthetic paper is made of a plastic film for paper-based processing, embossing, and filling processes. Its advantages are strength, good water resistance, and can be used to print water-resistant newspapers, maps, banknotes, and aquatic paper. And because of its small flexibility, smooth surface, and good whiteness, it is suitable for color printing. The disadvantage is poor heat resistance and no recovery.
The second type of synthetic paper is a synthetic pulp obtained by mixing two or more types of synthetic resins, and is used for papermaking. The paper can be produced using an existing papermaking machine, and the properties suitable for the use are better than those of the previous one, and can also be recycled. Can be used for printing, but also for wrapping paper.
The emergence of synthetic paper provides people with new ways to open up paper sources. The direction of future development is that pulp paper will develop toward lightweight paper, while chemical paper will develop front-end paper.
The new century of five senses of paper is an era that emphasizes environmental protection. The idea of ​​developing the Five Sense Papers is to meet the needs of the digital century, that is, an environment-friendly paper that touches people's five senses through touch.
The five-touch paper is a special product that fully meets the feeling of human skin. As long as the hand touches it, the natural rhythm is immediately reflected in the senses of the human body, just like the touch of a moist or pleasant feeling of the plant.
From a superficial point of view, the front and back sides are formed with an uneven angle, which is suitable for printing. High-quality color prints can be obtained. The weight is lighter, and the total fineness is about 50 kg, and each thickness is about 300 kg.
The manufacturing raw materials are made of 100% of old waste paper and 20% of kenaf. Satisfactory economic results. This is a true environment-friendly paper. Among the many non-wood papers, due to the use of Kenaf as a raw material, papers with strong fiber properties have been produced, which are basically neutral papers. .
The five-touch paper is extremely versatile and can be used for wrapping paper, calendars, posters, commercial promotional materials, etc., because it has the rich feel of woven cotton and has a similar textile-like texture.
Digital Paper, also known as Electronic Paper, is a framework for breaking paper media. When paperless society arrives, it is the only paper left for writing.
Digital paper has two special functions, namely a paper-like display device (Pacer like display), which forms a rewritable paper. The principle is to use very fine particles to be randomly scattered on special paper. This special paper is made of chemical fiber, and the introduction of voltage facilitates the movement of particles to form an image. A digital paper can be reused more than 1000 times. .
Obviously, the digital media people dream of new media. It is a product that lives between a soft copy and a hard copy. It requires that the goal is to achieve print-like readability in terms of basic capabilities, which can be erased and rewritten. Ideal for energy, etc. Additional functions require machining on the surface and can be displayed
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