Modern printing equipment has the characteristics of fast printing speed, high degree of automation and good quality of printed products. How to correctly use and maintain these high-efficiency printing equipment and improve production efficiency is a problem that modern printing companies must pay attention to.
1. Oil Road Maintenance
The oil circuit has four main functions, namely lubrication, cooling, sealing, anti-dirt and anti-corrosion. Keeping the oil path of the printing equipment smooth is related to the lubrication of the moving parts of the entire equipment. There are a large number of relatively moving parts in the printing press, such as bearings, bushings, gears, cams and connecting rod mechanisms. If oil is not used as a lubricant in these parts, severe friction will occur, resulting in reduced accuracy of the machine. Therefore, to ensure good lubrication of the contact surfaces of the moving parts, the engine oil must be changed regularly, and the oil circuit and filter device must be cleaned in time. Especially for the needle roller bearings and bushings that support the cylinder in the printing unit, if there is no lubrication and cooling of the oil, the bearings and the cylinder shaft will be heated and deformed due to long-term oil shortage and grinding. "Hold the shaft" (that is, rotating parts and non-rotating parts are glued together due to high temperature expansion).
In addition to automatic circulation, there are many parts that need to be manually lubricated, such as the type of tooth row and open tooth bearing, open tooth cam bearing, rotary shaft, chain and so on. Lubricating the offset printing press is an important part of maintenance work. Keeping the oil passage smooth is an effective way to reduce the wear of offset press parts, extend the service life of the machine, and improve product quality.
From a mechanical point of view, only the moving parts of the machine are kept clean and lubricated, and the operation is flexible, can the various functions of the equipment be fully exerted, and the equipment is kept intact. For example, the bearing seats of the inking roller and water roller of the offset press and the worm seat of the pressure adjusting worm seat are the easiest to wear, and the removal of the worn inking roller bearing and reinstallation are time-consuming and laborious, so the machine operator usually needs to maintain and install these parts When using water and ink rollers, apply some butter to the shaft head and bearing housing to lubricate the bearing and bearing housing, reduce wear, and reduce the replacement of the bearing housing and worm gear worm seat.
Second, the gas road maintenance
The pneumatic circuit has powerful functions, which can convert rigid mechanical force into elastic force and transmit it to the place where the machine needs power. The pneumatic system has become an indispensable part of modern printing presses, and its work directly affects the working conditions of the printing press.
Modern offset presses use solenoid valve activation devices to control the clutch pressure of the cylinder, and control the movement of the cylinder piston through the control valve to realize the separation of the water roller, the ink roller and the printing plate, and the ink transfer roller and ink transfer. Inlet water in the control valve or the cylinder will damage the seal ring of the cylinder, resulting in air leakage, so that the water roller, the ink roller and the ink transfer roller are not in proper control. In addition, the accumulation of ink will also cause inflexible movement of moving parts, increase the burden on the control valve and the cylinder, and also easily lead to damage to the control valve or cylinder seal and air leakage; aging of the air hose will also cause management air leakage and reduce the pressure of the air circuit , Increasing the pressure will affect the service life of the compressor. Therefore, the operator must clean these mechanisms frequently, keep the operation flexible, and ensure that the gas path does not leak and no water is the long-term solution.
In order to prevent dirty printing, offset printing machines are equipped with powder spraying device. To keep the powder spraying uniform, the powder spraying gas path is required to be smooth. The clogging of the powder spraying pipe is often caused by the powder being wet and clumping in the pipeline, which not only affects the uniformity of the powder spraying, but also causes the powder spraying pump to work overheated and cause heat and seizure. In serious cases, the air pump motor burns out. The best way to solve the clogging of the powder spraying tube is to prevent it, and the product sticking to the powder spraying will cause the product to stick dirty regularly.
In addition, with the flow of air, the powder particles will fly to the paper transfer chain or other operating parts, increasing the friction of the contact surfaces of these components, and destroying the contact accuracy and running stability. For example, if the suction deceleration wheel of Heidelberg offset press paper collecting device can not be removed in time, the powder and oil mixed with oil will stick to the suction deceleration wheel axis, which will affect the rotation of the deceleration wheel. In order to protect the motor that drives the reduction wheel shaft, the gears in the reduction mechanism must be forced to peel or sweep teeth, and a new gear must be installed to eliminate the fault.
Therefore, it is necessary to clean this mechanism in order to make the production efficiency of the offset press work properly.
3. Maintenance of electrical system
The offset press equipment is equipped with many safety devices, and the response is sensitive, as long as the light touch, the machine will stop running. If too much dust accumulates at the contact point, it will inevitably cause the machine to stop for no reason or cause joint problems. If the dust accumulation in the machine is changed too much, it will affect the contact between the carbon brush and the copper head of the rectifier, resulting in poor contact and making the machine difficult to operate. In addition, the internal cleanliness of the electrical control cabinet is equally important. If dust accumulates in the electric cabinet, it will cause poor contact of the relay contacts; too much dust and dirt on the surface of the radiator of the water tank compressor will affect heat dissipation, increase the working negative pressure of the compressor, and cause trip protection. As the temperature of the plate fluid increases, the alcohol exerts too quickly, and the concentration decreases, causing the plate surface to become dirty.
4. Maintenance of ink and water delivery system
1. Alcohol dampening system
Most modern high-speed offset presses use an alcohol dampening system. Due to the lack of the absorption function of the water-fleece cover, the plate water roller only acts as a transfer function. Many paper wool, dust, ink skin and waste gasoline will be transferred to the water bucket through the return water pipe Flowing into the water tank causes the impurities in the fountain solution to increase, the wetting performance decreases, and even the water pipe is blocked, which affects the normal liquid supply. The water metering roller is close to the water bucket, improper operation can easily damage the bearing of the fixed drive gear, wear the gear, increase the load of the metering shaft, cause the body to generate heat, and in serious cases may burn the water bucket motor, so the water system should be cleaned regularly , Grease with grease to reduce the wear of needle bearings and reduce the load on the motor.
2. Automatic ink control system
Multi-color offset presses mostly use computer remote-control ink adjustment device, which can accurately control the ink volume, reduce labor intensity and non-production time, and improve production efficiency. The remote-control ink adjustment device is composed of an ink fountain and an independently adjustable quantitative roller. The metering roller drives the screw through a servo motor to change the gap between the metering roller and the ink fountain shaft, thereby adjusting the ink output. Therefore, it is necessary to clean regularly and regularly, maintain the ink path, and keep the end surface of the ink fountain metering roller clean. The ink leaking from the ink fountain blade is easy to accumulate and agglomerate here. The lighter one will affect the control of the uneven ink output, and the heavy one will jam the motor screw, resulting in no ink failure, and the entire ink fountain needs to be disassembled and cleaned for troubleshooting The motor screw is not only difficult and time-consuming to assemble and disassemble, but also easily destroys the sealing performance of the ink fountain and the accuracy of the ink output, which lays hidden dangers to the printing quality.
It is very important to develop good equipment maintenance and maintenance habits. During maintenance and maintenance, you can also find some hidden troubles in time, deal with them as soon as possible, and improve the equipment integrity rate. Strengthen maintenance, and do a good job of daily, weekly and monthly maintenance items, not only can reduce equipment maintenance costs, extend the life of the machine, but also improve production efficiency. [next]
5. Examples of maintenance
The following uses Heidelberg offset press as an example to introduce the daily, weekly, monthly and half-year maintenance items of offset press.
1. Daily maintenance items
(1) Check whether the oil level of the central lubrication system is in the normal range; (2) Check the working condition of the oil pump; (3) Clean the plate cylinder and rubber cylinder roller pillow; (4) Clean the surface of the blanket and impression cylinder; (5 ) Cleaning the metering roller, water transfer roller and plate water roller; (6) The detection electric eye on the front and side gauges for cleaning; (7) Release the gas in the air compressor and the water in the water-collecting glass of the high-pressure barometer; (8) Wash the ink wash blade after cleaning the machine each time, and clean the dirt attached to the rubber blade; (9) Wipe the oil and ink stains on the surface of the machine, remove the waste paper and debris in the machine, and keep the sample Taiwan, computer station, sanitation around the cleaning machine.
2. Weekly maintenance items
(1) Clean the water tank and water level detector of each printing unit; (2) Clean the water tank, filter screen and ball, detect the float, and change the water; (3) Check the oil level of the oil cup of the delivery chain, and clean the powder sprayed on the chain And oil sludge; (4) Check the wear level of the ink fountain motor guard, pay attention to timely replacement; (5) Clean and check the front stop gauge and the front air stopper and the air vent of the blower tube; (6) Check whether the mechanical double sheet controller Sensitive; (7) Clean up the dust, garbage and paper dust on the bottom of the junction of the last group of printing units and the delivery chain, and use the wire to clear the blow holes on the paper guide; (8) ) Clean the powder spraying device, blow the powder spraying management with wind pressure, and dredge the nozzle with wire to prevent clogging; (9) Clean the paper-receiving suction deceleration wheel, check whether the suction duct is smooth, clean the chains on both sides, and add lubrication Grease; (10) Clean the paper-pressing fan and blower tube of the take-up system, take-off table lighting and other auxiliary components; (11) Clean the suction filter of the paper tail leveler; (12) Clean and inspect the printing units Protective cover, bumper, Switches and other security devices.
3. Monthly maintenance items
(1) Clean the inside of the Feida air valve, clean the air inlets of the control valve and the air valve to prevent the air path from being blocked, but do not lubricate with oil; (2) Clean the feed and separation nozzles of Feida, and check the The rubber ring should be replaced in time if it is damaged. Be careful not to add oil and lubrication; (3) Clean the cam transmission system in Feida and add oil to the oil holes in it; (4) Clean and check the cardboard lifting chain and Feida conveyor Chain (under Feida board), add grease; (5) Clean and check the paper guide roller, paper pressure roller and paper brush, and add oil to the oil hole of the rotating shaft of the Feida paper belt; (6) Give the side Lubricate the oil holes on the drive shaft of the pull gauge (operation picture); (7) Add oil to the oil holes on the transmission gears of the metering roller and water transfer roller; (8) Add oil to the impression cylinder, paper transfer cylinder, paper transfer cylinder, and take-up paper Lubricate the oil holes on the tooth row; (9) Clean and inspect the surface of the super blue cloth of the traditional roller, and replace it if damaged; (10) Lubricate the oil holes on the ink transfer roller drive shaft and ink fountain roller; (11) Clean Align the paper device, check the lifting limit safety switch, and collect the air suction deceleration wheel, open tooth plate, etc. Add oil to the oil holes on the paper system; (12) Clean and check the air filter of each suction device under the foot pedal of the transmission surface; (13) Clean and check the bottom of the water pipe filter, dampening solution and alcohol inhaler bottom Disassemble and inspect the alcohol concentration controller on the filter on the pressure sensor; (14) Clean all air pump filters; (15) Clean the air filter of refrigeration equipment.
4. Maintenance projects every six months
(1) Remove all ink rollers and water rollers for cleaning, and check the surface condition and diameter, shaft head, and bearing conditions, add lubricating grease, adjust the pressure of water and ink rollers; (2) Clean the rubber frame of each printing unit, Lean on and face the outer wall panel; (3) clean and check the oil filter and oil pump of the central lubrication system; (4) replace the oil of the central lubrication system (once a year); (5) clean all with a special cleaning agent Dental row and delivery row, plate, tooth pad, open tooth bearing, etc. on the impression cylinder, paper transfer cylinder, paper delivery cylinder; (6) Clean the main motor dust, check the main motor carbon brush and all air pump carbon brushes (7) Check all the air pipes, solenoid valves and cylinders; (8) Check and adjust the tightness of the transmission belt; (9) Check and adjust the tightness of the chain of the delivery chain; (10) Clean the electrical control cabinet and central lubrication Dust on the surface of each instrument in the wet control cabinet; (11) Check and test all safety devices.
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