For the transportation of extra-heavy oil through ground pipelines, the primary and auxiliary method involves heating the oil to 80°C, then adding a viscosity-reducing agent in one dose to lower its viscosity. After that, the oil is transported to the terminal refinery, where the temperature is generally not less than 50°C. To achieve efficient transportation, the viscosity of the extra-heavy oil must be reduced from around 1500 mPa·s to a much lower level, meaning the viscosity reduction rate should be maintained at 80% to 90%. This ensures smooth flow through the pipeline without excessive resistance.
During the transportation process, the viscosity-reducing agent plays the main role in lowering the oil's viscosity, while heat treatment serves as an auxiliary measure. Compared to traditional methods, this approach eliminates the need for intermediate heating stations and the use of blended thinning oils. The viscosity-reducing agent used here is relatively inexpensive, which significantly lowers the overall cost of oil transportation and offers substantial economic benefits.
Because the viscosity-reducing agent is so crucial in this process, it is essential to choose a suitable one. While there are many options available on the market, these products often do not perfectly match the specific requirements of extra-heavy oil from certain oil fields. Therefore, it may be more effective to develop a custom viscosity-reducing agent tailored to the unique properties of the oil in question.
However, whether to purchase the viscosity-reducing agent or develop it internally depends on the physical characteristics of the extra-heavy oil. Each oil field has its own set of challenges, and understanding these is key to selecting the most effective solution. By carefully evaluating the oil’s composition and behavior under different conditions, companies can make informed decisions that optimize both performance and cost efficiency.
"Puzzle 3D Eraser Bulk,Puzzle 3D Eraser,Building Blocks Eraser,Toppers Cute Erasers "
Yiwu Shengshang Stationery Co., Ltd. , https://www.ss-stationery.com