The 400m track and field facility is designed with a strict drainage gradient, as the slope isn't just for aesthetics but must meet specific competition standards. Unlike regular road construction, the slope here is primarily determined by the regulations set by the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF). The straight running section should have an upward gradient of 0.1%, while the sprinting lanes are measured linearly from start to finish. On the left-to-right axis, the inward slope of the track should not exceed 1%. These specifications are fundamental in engineering design, ensuring that the track meets both competition rules and effective drainage needs.
The lowest point on the track area is typically located at the inner ring ditch cover plate, and the cross-slope of the runway should not exceed 1%, usually between 0.7% and 0.8%. According to competition rules, the longitudinal slope must also remain below 0.1%, and the drainage slope of the entire field is controlled using six designated points. This method ensures even water distribution and prevents pooling. A diagram illustrating the location of these control points is provided for reference.
In the curved sections of the track, such as the Tian Sai District, the center point is used as a reference. By connecting points Ql and O2 with the six main control points, a consistent slope is maintained without any intermediate slope points. It's crucial during construction not to randomly connect points, as this could lead to violations of the required standards.
In addition to surface drainage, the 400m track includes underground drainage ditches, site blind ditches, long-distance sand pit drainage, and barriers for the 3000m race. All of these systems work together to channel water out of the site through the main drainage outlet. Two key factors determine the highest point of the gutter: first, the 3000m barrier pool must be 70cm lower than the surrounding ground to ensure proper water flow, and second, the elevation of the municipal drainage pipes outside the facility. Both elements are critical in the design process, and it’s essential for engineers and contractors to thoroughly understand these details. Relying solely on topographic maps can lead to errors, so on-site data collection is vital to avoid drainage failures.
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