The color reproduction of packaging and printing

Color box packaging products often appear in the actual production of color reduction issues, such as neutral gray cast color, affecting product quality, which in addition to the equipment itself, production personnel technical level of problems, the key issue is that the company did not Can perform effective color management and reasonable use of ink.

The concept and necessity of color management

Color management is the management of people's perception of color, the purpose is to enable the conversion between different colors in the entire process of image reproduction in order to ensure that the appearance of the image color from the input display to the output is matched as much as possible, eventually reaching the original In harmony with the color of the replica.

Image copying needs to undergo various stages of image acquisition, processing, color separation, and printing. At each stage, the color information will be expressed according to the color rendering principle and color description characteristics of the currently used device. Different scanning and display devices will have different color representations of the same original. In addition, the use of different color expression capabilities between RGB three-color display screens and four-color printing inks, coupled with different application software to convert RGB data into CMYK also lacks consistency, using different paper and ink, The resulting prints are also different. Therefore, color management must be used to control color reproduction on various devices and media in the production system.

Color management content

Establishing the device's color profile is the core of color management. The representative file has representative color features of each device, such as the chromaticity characteristic curve, the output color gamut characteristic curve, etc. The color management system uses these to represent Sexual color features enable the matching and conversion of the color space of each device.

Color management must follow a series of prescribed operating procedures in order to achieve the desired results. Color management is divided into three steps in principle, referred to as "3C", namely Calibration, Characterization, and Conversion.

Calibration: In order to ensure the stability, reliability, and sustainability of the color information transfer process, calibration of the input, display, and output devices is required to ensure that they are in standard operating conditions. The input correction includes the brightness, contrast, and correction of black and white fields of the scanner and the like. To ensure that for the same original, whenever scanning, you should be able to obtain the same image data.

By setting the display's brightness, contrast, color temperature, and the gamma value of the entire display system, it accurately displays colors. The output correction includes the correction of printers, imagesetters, printers, and proofers. After correcting the characteristics, the device can be output according to the factory-standard characteristics.

Characterization: Recording the corrected characteristics of all devices is a characteristic process. These feature description files are bridges from device color space to standard device-independent color space (PCS).

Conversion: Based on the calibration of the system equipment, using the device description file, the standard device-independent color space is used as the medium to achieve the correct conversion between the color spaces of the devices. Since the color gamut of the output device is narrower than the color gamut of the original document, scanner, and display, the color gamut needs to be compressed during color conversion. In the ICC protocol, color gamut compression has absolute colorimetry and relative colorimetry. Highlight four methods of saturation and sensory methods.

Implementation of color management

Generally speaking, for a packaging and printing company to do a good job in color management, it needs a standard ambient light source; high-quality color profile generation software; advanced color management system; standard measuring instruments and testing tools; standard color target Standard print management; standard remote digital proofing color management; standard scan reduction, digital camera color management; standard monitor correction and screen soft proofing. In the specific implementation process of color management, we should do the following aspects well: do a good job of standardization, standardization, and data-based production management of all processes throughout the printing process. This is the premise and basis for the application of ICC color management.

Enterprises should strictly establish the quality standards for fine products, standards for raw and auxiliary materials and equipment such as paper and ink, standards for measuring tools and ambient light sources, and formulate standardized management documents, and require that everyone strictly follow the standards. Monitors, soft proofing, printer ICC files, printer parameters, etc. must be standardized, and quantified within standards and specifications. Wherever data can be expressed, test data can be summarized and summarized. The three complement each other and depend on each other to ensure stable, high-quality, high-efficiency production.

Prepress image processing technology is the basis and key link of print reproduction quality. The monitor must be professional, the scanning of originals and the processing of digital manuscripts shall be guided by the four basic standards of copy quality (gray balance, tone reproduction, color correction, and sharpness enhancement), and the four standard parameters shall be standardized through experiments. . After the completion of the scanning of documents, it is necessary to make adjustments and artistic processing for the defects of non-compliant manuscripts so as to make the printed matter more abundant and achieve better results than the originals. For remotely-printed companies, profile management of remote digital proofing ensures that the digital proofs of the two locations are the same color.

The choice of color management system

There are many color management systems on the market today, such as Adobe's Photoshop color management system, Apple's ColorSync color management system, and Kodak's color management system. Different color management systems have different capabilities for the color management of the devices and they all have their own parts. Therefore, companies must first determine which devices require consistent colors in order to make choices.

Second, to determine the self-describing file in the color management system, and whether to support the establishment of description files in the open system; if it is a closed system, the factory must create a description file, so you need to determine whether it can withstand the establishment of the description file The required fee. It is necessary to compare and test various performances such as system availability, device support capability, scalability, compatibility, and ease of use against the company's own situation. The same color manuscript can be used to test which system is to be observed. Under the operating environment, the best effect can be obtained with the original.

Effective color management is the guarantee of the quality of the entire copy, but the final product is obtained through ink. As one of the five major elements of printing, ink has an important influence on the printing process and quality. Correct and reasonable use and deployment of ink is the key to ensure accurate color reproduction.

Use of ink

Composition and properties of inks: Water-based inks are made from water-soluble resins, high-grade pigments, solvents, and additives. The hue depends on the nature of the pigment and generally requires that the pigment has a bright color, proper coloring power and hiding power, good resistance and a high degree of dispersion. In order to obtain good printability of the ink, it is often necessary to adjust the ink fluidity, drying property, and stickiness according to different conditions using various ink additives. There are many factors that determine the quality of ink and ink, and if it is used improperly, it will bring a series of quality problems. During purchase and use, attention should be paid to analysis to determine the status of the merits, and adjustments should be made according to the situation to ensure its excellent printability. .

In printing, the ink has a certain viscosity is necessary to maintain the normal transmission, transfer of ink. Therefore, the viscosity of a high-grade ink is generally controlled to be about 20±5 seconds, and the difference in viscosity will cause the printing color to have different shades. In the actual production process, the PH value of the ink on the machine can be adjusted or controlled between 8.0 and 9.5, depending on the product and the temperature.

Ink blending: Ink blending mainly refers to the ink color deployment. In the printing of packaging products, the color adopted by the ink and ink is based on spot color on the spot, achieving both visual and anti-counterfeiting effects.
These different spot colors cannot be overprinted by the four colors of blue, green, yellow, and black, and they cannot be directly used for the original ink. The technical personnel must obtain different proportions of the original ink according to the production conditions. .

The color deployment of ink is based on the principle of subtractive color, that is, any color can be prepared by mixing three different proportions of the three primary colors, and considering the three basic attributes of hue, lightness, and saturation. In the color matching, the ink to be used should be determined according to the actual printing process, the ink layer thickness, and the printing substrate, and the factors such as the hue, gloss, coloring power, and hiding power of the ink itself should be taken into account.

Color matching process

Analysis of the original color: Toning is performed on the color sample of the original. In order to reduce the blindness of the toning, the color of the original must first be analyzed to determine the hue and proportion of the original color ink. Analysis of the manuscript is mainly the use of instrument color measurement and human eye color than a combination of methods. The use of printing chromatography to determine the ratio of three primary color inks is relatively simple and practical. The three primary color inks and white ink content can be calculated based on the percentage of the primary color dot area marked in the chromatogram.

Color Matching: According to the calculated ratio, a small amount of primary color ink is weighed for deployment. Note that when the color of the ink is compared with that of the original, when both colors are close to each other, it is preferable to adjust the ink to make a contrast on the scratch paper, and so on until the two colors are completely the same. When colorimetric, the ink should be uniform, and the thinner the ink layer, the better. To ensure the accuracy of the color hue, the paper should be the same as the paper used for printing. The adjustment of brightness and saturation is achieved by adding white ink and black ink. When adding white or black ink, special attention should be paid to the accuracy of weighing.

After the ink to be dispensed reaches the requirements of the original document, batch inks can be formulated in proportion. The amount of ink used for a batch of jobs is usually determined by the type of paper, the image area, the number of prints, and the amount of wear, and it is based on the principle of less.

Record: After the preparation is completed, the ratio of various inks used in the ink transfer, ink transfer, dry oil, ink type, quantity, and manufacturer information will be registered in detail, which will be used as a reference for later ink dispensing.

Other considerations: When analyzing originals and color comparisons, it is best to use a standard light source or a light source that is close to sunlight. Care must be taken to wait for the ink film to dry before performing colorimetry to reduce visual errors. Try to use color inks that are close to the original color ink or other single color inks. If the color inks used in the color matching are too much, the brightness and saturation will be worse, which will affect the printing effect. Therefore, the fewer the number of inks when matching colors, the better. It is best to choose the ink products of the same manufacturer.

When coloring, we must fully understand the daily printing speed and printing pressure of our equipment and control the ink viscosity. Different printing speeds and pressures will have different shades of printed matter. Therefore, ink formulated at a low speed must wait for the printing speed to open to the normal speed and then check the original again to avoid chromatic aberration and waste.

After the ink is transferred out, if it is found that there is an error between the color sample and the original printed on the machine, it shall be promptly corrected. The ink fountain and the ink roller should be cleaned when changing color to avoid unclean cleaning and color cast. The remaining spot ink after printing can still be prepared according to the hue of the new manuscript, but often the saturation is grayish, especially the remaining ink that is retrieved from the ink fountain is likely to have been emulsified or the printability has changed.

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