The essence of the chemical laboratory is the basic laboratory of chemistry. According to the experimental tasks and requirements, there may be several or dozens of identical laboratory rooms. The size and form of these rooms are selected. Various types of chemical laboratories have their own requirements. For example, according to their experimental purposes, they can be divided into: teaching laboratories for schools, research laboratories for scientific research institutes, and industrial laboratories for factories and mines. Different, so there are both commonalities and differences in laboratory design, which need to be treated separately.
2.6.1.1 The form of a chemical laboratory (1) A laboratory with a small modular space as the basic unit is suitable for research laboratories and can provide researchers with a quiet working environment. The connection and mutual understanding is not as convenient as the large space laboratory.
(2) Medium space or large space, this is due to the large room composed of multiple basic units, this large space is not very suitable for some research laboratories, because of mutual interference.
(3) Large space with partitions, it uses partition walls, and even divides a large room into small spaces with a fume hood or other auxiliary experimental furniture, so this form is actually between the above two forms. Compromise between the two. This form is conducive to the use of space, improves the mutual connection between researchers, and has the advantages of convenient pipeline installation and easy management.
(4) The flexible space form can generally be considered from the following aspects in terms of flexibility: load-bearing partition walls, especially transverse partition walls, hope to be as few as possible, and it is more advantageous to use a frame structure if possible; floor design The load should be determined according to the specific situation, but it should not be too low, and as few fixed test benches as possible should be considered to be composed of prefabricated components of standard dimensions to facilitate reassembly. The pipeline inspection wells should be fully configured, so as to avoid opening holes in the floor in the future. There are two forms of flexible space.
The first is a flexible space with movable partition walls. This movable partition wall has a special structure and is easy to assemble and disassemble, but the pipeline along the wall must be laid clearly. At the same time, the pipe network system must have great flexibility, otherwise the superiority of the movable partition wall is not outstanding, because it is usually easier to change the non-load-bearing partition wall, but it is more difficult to change the pipeline.
The second type is universal flexible space. This is a large space, where wires and service supply hoses can be led from the top to the ground, and water pipes can be connected everywhere on the ground. Therefore, the experimental platform with a basin and the fume hood are removable.
2.6.1.2 Other conditions of the chemical laboratory In addition to the requirements for the experimental bench and fume hood, the chemical laboratory should also set up the necessary conditions according to the actual use.
(1) There should be at least 1-2 or more taps for cooling circulating tap water and washing water. At the same time, there are pure water supply points on the pool.
(2) The chemical laboratory should have a test basin, a sink, and a washing pond, containing a water seal to prevent the experiment wastewater from returning to taste. There should be a floor drain in the laboratory to prevent running water, soaking the laboratory and other water hazards.
(3) The laboratory should be equipped with several single-phase sockets, independent switchboards, leakage air switches, and three-phase power supply if necessary.
(4) The laboratory is equipped with an air-conditioning system. The air outlet should be made of sprayed or other treated metal materials. The chemical laboratory generally does not have a return air outlet.
(5) Metal lighting should not be used for laboratory lighting fixtures. If metal lamps are used, surface treatment is required to prevent corrosion.
(6) All pipelines should avoid exposure as much as possible, and the laboratory should be concise. If necessary, fire smoke alarms should be installed.
(7) Safety facilities include fire extinguishing systems, inert gas fire extinguishing systems, safety cabinets, emergency showers, eye washers, etc. (8) Gas supply facilities include gas supply stations, gas supply plates, gas use plates and their piping systems Wait.
2.6.1.3 The interior decoration floor materials of the chemical laboratory should be selected according to the use requirements of each laboratory. The room without acid resistance can generally use terrazzo or non-grey ceramic slab floor; the precision instrument room with moisture resistance requirements can consider using wooden floors; when there are requirements for acid resistance, alkali resistance, oil resistance, etc., it can be used according to its medium concentration Vinyl chloride paint floor, plastic floor or acid resistant ceramic board floor. The wall surface can be selected from ordinary wall plastering, paint or tile wall skirt, paint, paint wall surface, etc. according to specific design standards.
The doors and windows of the laboratory are required to be corrosion-resistant, and should be made of materials with excellent corrosion resistance. The aluminum doors and windows should be oxidized and colored, or electrostatic epoxy powder spraying, electrophoretic painting and other profiles, which are both beautiful and corrosion-resistant; Choose plastic steel windows, steel windows coated with anti-corrosion paint or wooden windows. Wooden doors should be used for indoor doors, and it is better to use free doors or open outwards
2.6.1.1 The form of a chemical laboratory (1) A laboratory with a small modular space as the basic unit is suitable for research laboratories and can provide researchers with a quiet working environment. The connection and mutual understanding is not as convenient as the large space laboratory.
(2) Medium space or large space, this is due to the large room composed of multiple basic units, this large space is not very suitable for some research laboratories, because of mutual interference.
(3) Large space with partitions, it uses partition walls, and even divides a large room into small spaces with a fume hood or other auxiliary experimental furniture, so this form is actually between the above two forms. Compromise between the two. This form is conducive to the use of space, improves the mutual connection between researchers, and has the advantages of convenient pipeline installation and easy management.
(4) The flexible space form can generally be considered from the following aspects in terms of flexibility: load-bearing partition walls, especially transverse partition walls, hope to be as few as possible, and it is more advantageous to use a frame structure if possible; floor design The load should be determined according to the specific situation, but it should not be too low, and as few fixed test benches as possible should be considered to be composed of prefabricated components of standard dimensions to facilitate reassembly. The pipeline inspection wells should be fully configured, so as to avoid opening holes in the floor in the future. There are two forms of flexible space.
The first is a flexible space with movable partition walls. This movable partition wall has a special structure and is easy to assemble and disassemble, but the pipeline along the wall must be laid clearly. At the same time, the pipe network system must have great flexibility, otherwise the superiority of the movable partition wall is not outstanding, because it is usually easier to change the non-load-bearing partition wall, but it is more difficult to change the pipeline.
The second type is universal flexible space. This is a large space, where wires and service supply hoses can be led from the top to the ground, and water pipes can be connected everywhere on the ground. Therefore, the experimental platform with a basin and the fume hood are removable.
2.6.1.2 Other conditions of the chemical laboratory In addition to the requirements for the experimental bench and fume hood, the chemical laboratory should also set up the necessary conditions according to the actual use.
(1) There should be at least 1-2 or more taps for cooling circulating tap water and washing water. At the same time, there are pure water supply points on the pool.
(2) The chemical laboratory should have a test basin, a sink, and a washing pond, containing a water seal to prevent the experiment wastewater from returning to taste. There should be a floor drain in the laboratory to prevent running water, soaking the laboratory and other water hazards.
(3) The laboratory should be equipped with several single-phase sockets, independent switchboards, leakage air switches, and three-phase power supply if necessary.
(4) The laboratory is equipped with an air-conditioning system. The air outlet should be made of sprayed or other treated metal materials. The chemical laboratory generally does not have a return air outlet.
(5) Metal lighting should not be used for laboratory lighting fixtures. If metal lamps are used, surface treatment is required to prevent corrosion.
(6) All pipelines should avoid exposure as much as possible, and the laboratory should be concise. If necessary, fire smoke alarms should be installed.
(7) Safety facilities include fire extinguishing systems, inert gas fire extinguishing systems, safety cabinets, emergency showers, eye washers, etc. (8) Gas supply facilities include gas supply stations, gas supply plates, gas use plates and their piping systems Wait.
2.6.1.3 The interior decoration floor materials of the chemical laboratory should be selected according to the use requirements of each laboratory. The room without acid resistance can generally use terrazzo or non-grey ceramic slab floor; the precision instrument room with moisture resistance requirements can consider using wooden floors; when there are requirements for acid resistance, alkali resistance, oil resistance, etc., it can be used according to its medium concentration Vinyl chloride paint floor, plastic floor or acid resistant ceramic board floor. The wall surface can be selected from ordinary wall plastering, paint or tile wall skirt, paint, paint wall surface, etc. according to specific design standards.
The doors and windows of the laboratory are required to be corrosion-resistant, and should be made of materials with excellent corrosion resistance. The aluminum doors and windows should be oxidized and colored, or electrostatic epoxy powder spraying, electrophoretic painting and other profiles, which are both beautiful and corrosion-resistant; Choose plastic steel windows, steel windows coated with anti-corrosion paint or wooden windows. Wooden doors should be used for indoor doors, and it is better to use free doors or open outwards
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