China's printing industry 1.1 during the War of Resistance Against Japan

The First Festival Invaded China's Damage and Destruction of Chinese Modern Printing Industry

On July 7, 1937, the Japanese invading army suddenly attacked the Chinese garrison in Lugou Bridge, southwest of Beijing. The Chinese garrison fought up and opened the prelude to the "Japanese War of Resistance" against the Japanese aggressors. One month later, on August 13th, Japanese invading forces attacked Shanghai, and from the Sino-Japanese war in Shanghai, the Chinese nation fought with one another and a great war against the Japanese aggressors broke out. In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Japanese were fierce and aggressive, and on December 13, 1937, they invaded the capital of Nanjing, the Nationalist government at that time, and the Nationalist government moved westwards to Chongqing, where a large number of Chinese territory fell. Wherever he went, he burned, looted, and ransacked, and the printing companies could not escape the doom of destruction and destruction.

In fact, the Japanese imperialist invasion of China and the destruction of modern Chinese printing industry began long before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War. After the defeat of the Battle of Shi in 1895, Japan occupied the province of Taiwan and the printing industry in Taiwan was controlled by the Japanese. After the September 18th Incident of 1931, the Japanese occupation of the three northeastern provinces adapted the then largest printing company in Harbin, Xinhua Press, to pseudo- Man Binzhou Printing Co., Ltd.; January 18, 1932, the Japanese invasion of Shanghai, China's largest printing company Commercial Press and the Oriental Library were destroyed, the loss of about 16.33 million yuan, the museum had to suspend business, fired three workers More than a thousand people; the same year, the World Printing Research Institute's professional flat printing and graphics factory was destroyed by the Japanese army's "one or twenty-eight" war. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese aggressors intensified their efforts and caused more serious destruction and destruction of the Chinese modern printing industry. Examples are as follows: The following illustrations are mainly drawn from Wan Qiying's "Forgetful History," in "Chinese Printing", Issue 4, 1995.

After the July 7th Incident in 1937, the Japanese occupation of Peiping controlled the Printing Department of the Ministry of Finance of China’s largest modern banknote printing company, forcing it to print large quantities of counterfeit banknotes for its use as funds for aggression against China.

On August 13th of the same year, the Japanese army invaded Shanghai, and the plate-making factory, printing factory, lithographic factory, and general book stack of the Commercial Press were forced to suspend work. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese seized the Commercial Press and stole a large amount of machine supplies.

In the same year, Kaiming Bookstore and Meicheng Printing Co., Ltd. were blown up by the Japanese during the "August 13th Incident" and the sales department was sealed up.

In the same year, the World Book Administration was occupied by the Japanese navy's newspaper department, which was renamed the Huazhong Printing Bureau after the printing factory in Dalian Road was occupied. After that, the Japanese army ransacked the equipment.

In August of the same year, the more advanced Sany printing plant in Shanghai with its advanced technology and equipment was burned by the Japanese fire.

According to incomplete statistics, in the short space of several months after the July 7th Incident of 1937, printing companies that were occupied, burned, seized by the Japanese, forced to suspend work, and the operators were killed were: Huafeng Printing and Casting in Shanghai Suoshengsheng Art Printing Company, Liangyou Book Printing Company, Yuanchang Printing House, Jinghua Printing Bureau of Peiping, Baoding Association Printing Bureau of Hebei, Hengshui Sanyitang Book Office, Shulu Xiexing Printing Bureau, Tianjin Juwenshanfang, Qingdao The Ruixiangxing Fine Arts Printing Center, Xinghua Printing Bureau and several others.

In 1938, Hu Wanxing Shiyinfang in Hubei Yicheng was blown up by Japanese soldiers, and the owner of the company, Hu Deqing, was brutally murdered by the Japanese army; Liyang Dawentang Shiyin Bureau was closed down due to Japanese bombings; Yantai Donghai Press and Liaocheng Yuwenshiyin Bureau were forced to close down or went bankrupt; Xiamen Star Daily was forced to suspend publication.

In 1939, the large-scale northwestern printing factory in Taiyuan, Shanxi, was reorganized into the 14th factory by the Japanese military. The entire German system of the plant opened up to counterprinting materials such as offset printers, gravure printing machines, and photolithography equipment, and was all looted before Japan’s surrender.

After the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941, Japanese troops invaded the Shanghai Concession, and the second-largest printing company in modern China, the Zhonghua Book Company, was seized by the Japanese army and was taken over by Japan’s Xingya Institute, taking away a large amount of paper and ink and other materials from the Zhonghua Publishing House. One piece of paper is to take away two thousand barrels. On December 8, the Japanese aircraft bombed Hong Kong and was bombed by the Zhonghua Book Company's Hong Kong branch in Pak Tai Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong. After the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the factory’s military control swept away large quantities of cash and Chinese government banknotes and government bonds printed by the factory, as well as banknote printing paper, letterpress paper, web paper, ink, zinc, rubber blankets, etc. Three years of printing equipment filled with five large warehouses. Also, the German-made robotic armless ink-jet gravure printing machine, which was not available in Japan at the time, was removed and shipped back to Japan.

From the 1941 to 1942 Battle of Ningshao and the Battle of Zhejiang and Zhe, all the printing factories in the area that had not been removed were destroyed by the Japanese.

In 1944, Japanese iron fists trampled on Hunan, swept through Guangxi, retired printing plants that had not yet been transferred, and previously retreated from Shanghai to print shops in Changsha, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Changde, and Anhua. And the plane bombed and suffered serious losses.

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In short, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese Army confisced, controlled, or destroyed its occupied printing companies in enemy-occupied areas or allowed them to fend for themselves; in areas where ground forces have not yet arrived, they dispatched aircraft to indiscriminate bombing. Fewer printing materials in transit were destroyed on the way; printing plants in some cities in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Sichuan provinces were severely damaged by Japanese bombing. The Japanese aggressors have been devastated by the destruction and destruction of China's printing industry.