Advances in Alternative Methods of Animal Experiments for Cosmetic Dermal Toxicity

**Alternative Methods for Animal Testing in Cosmetic Dermal Toxicity** *Published: May 6, 2015, 10:34 AM* Cosmetics are essential products that people use daily. They must be stable, safe, effective, and user-friendly. Among these, safety is a fundamental requirement. To ensure the safety of cosmetic products, it is common practice to conduct toxicity and safety assessments of chemical ingredients and finished products. Traditionally, these tests have relied on animal experiments, which have contributed significantly to scientific progress and the development of cosmetics. However, animal testing raises ethical concerns, as it involves harm, pain, and suffering to animals. With growing global awareness of animal welfare and the promotion of humane practices, there has been a strong push to reduce and eventually eliminate animal testing in toxicological evaluations of cosmetics and consumer products. The European Union was among the first to introduce strict regulations against animal testing. For example, the EU's Cosmetic Regulation (EC No. 1223/2009) and the REACH Regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) have set clear guidelines to restrict or ban animal testing for cosmetics and their ingredients. Additionally, the EU’s Directive 2010/65/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes further reinforces this trend. These policies not only prohibit the sale and import of cosmetics tested on animals but also encourage the adoption of alternative methods. Following this global shift, countries such as Japan, South Korea, India, and members of ASEAN have also started to align with international standards, promoting the use of non-animal testing approaches. This trend presents both challenges and opportunities for Chinese daily chemical companies. To avoid trade barriers and maintain a competitive edge in the global market, they must adapt by exploring and implementing alternative testing technologies. Dr. Cheng Shujun from Sun Yat-Sen University highlights that standardized alternative testing methods are now widely applied in the assessment of chemicals, cosmetics, and medical products. Since the first alternative method was accepted by OECD in 2004, numerous international organizations, including OECD and ISO, have developed over 20 alternative test guidelines. More than 60 methods have been validated and approved by the EURL-ECVAM (European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods) and ICCVAM (Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods). These methods cover key areas such as cytotoxicity, skin irritation/corrosion, eye irritation/corrosion, skin sensitization, and genotoxicity, forming a comprehensive technical standard system to ensure product safety and environmental health. In practice, cosmetic raw materials should generally come from the "International Cosmetic Ingredient List" (except for new ingredients), but during production, physical or chemical interactions may occur due to formulation, leading to potential new risks. Therefore, toxicity testing is typically divided into two categories: testing of raw materials and testing of finished products. The safety of raw materials is crucial to ensuring the overall safety of the final product. Special attention must be given to the safety evaluation of new ingredients. SGS recommends that daily chemical companies consider integrating alternative testing methods alongside traditional animal experiments. For instance, OECD 439 (artificial skin model irritation test), OECD 437 (in vitro eye irritation test), and cytotoxicity tests can be used in combination to assess the safety of raw materials and finished products more efficiently and ethically. These approaches not only comply with evolving regulatory standards but also support sustainable and responsible business practices in the cosmetics industry.

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