In order to fully implement the spirit of the document "Several Opinions on Strengthening Undergraduate Teaching in Higher Education and Improving the Quality of Teaching", to further improve the construction and management of basic courses laboratories in colleges and universities, to promote the reform of experimental teaching and to ensure the quality of teaching Build around 100 experimental teaching demonstration centers for basic courses with radiation and demonstration effects, and create conditions for colleges and universities to cultivate high-quality innovative and practical talents with international competitiveness that meet the needs of national construction and social development in the new century.
The current teaching management model of our school is a multi-campus management model. After the four schools are merged into one school, the school ’s scale, faculty, material resources and human resources have obvious advantages over the original total indicators. However, after the merger, the school also faces many new situations and problems in construction and development, such as: the large number of students in the school, the repeated setting of teaching resources, and the inconsistent management mode. It is urgent to break the original pattern and rebuild a viable and dynamic , A new university for sustainable development.
Facing the challenges of the new era, as the largest and earliest computer laboratory established in colleges and universities, the experience of the construction of the computing center is for the reasonable allocation of teaching resources in the colleges and universities, promoting the sharing of resources, ensuring the quality of teaching, and guiding and regulating the construction of the school ’s basic course laboratory And management, and to promote the reform of the laboratory system and experimental teaching, all have reference significance. The computing center of our school is composed of the original four school computing centers, and the geographical location is distributed in four different campuses. It is mainly responsible for the teaching tasks of the computer public basic courses for non-computer undergraduates of the school. It is the first of the four computer public courses in the country. One of the universities. With thousands of teaching instruments and equipment and tens of millions of fixed assets, it occupies a pivotal position in the construction of the school's basic course laboratory. How to effectively manage the project reflects the teaching management method and teaching management level of the whole school.
With the strong promotion of information technology, especially network technology, the digitalization of colleges and universities has become an inevitable trend in the development of higher education. At present, CERNET2, the backbone of the next generation Internet of China Education and Research Network, is booming. The construction of campus networks in colleges and universities across the country is quite large. Fiber to the home has become a reality. At the end of last year, our school's optical fiber has been brought to the student dormitory. The development of network technology has brought opportunities for the digital construction of colleges and universities. As a talent base with innovative and business capabilities, the construction of college laboratories has also entered a new stage. How to build a good laboratory and give full play to its functions is an important part of educational reform, and it is also the basis for improving the quality of experimental teaching and scientific research. Therefore, we must realize the innovation of laboratory management system in order to adapt to the development of university laboratory construction under the new situation.
In view of the above reasons, this paper discusses the construction model of multi-campus computer laboratory and the problems that should be paid attention to under the current situation.
2. New model of laboratory construction and development
1. Establish and improve the management system and unified development plan
Before the merger, the laboratories in the various districts have differences in development goals, management methods, and school resources. After the merger, a unified computer laboratory management system is established. Strict computer laboratory regulations are the key to good computer laboratory management. Our center has formulated rules and regulations such as "Computer Laboratory Safety Management System", "Standard for Using Computers by Students", "Computer Laboratory Use and Maintenance System", "Student Penalty Regulations", and clarified the computer laboratory staff and experiments The common code of conduct for teachers and students. With unified and strict management, after several years of operation, the order is in order. Strengthening laboratory management should also establish quantitative evaluation indicators for experimental teaching and experimental skill innovation that are in line with actual conditions, as well as quantitative evaluation indicators for equipment use, update, maintenance, management, scrapping, etc. The purpose of inspection is to facilitate everyone to learn from each other, promote each other, and promote comprehensive development.
Computer is a very fast-changing technology, and its development has grown exponentially. To keep pace with the times and meet the needs of teaching reform, we must comprehensively formulate laboratory development and construction plans, uniformly coordinate infrastructure construction, properly update equipment and instruments, and at the same time, we must increase the utilization of limited funds to ensure the rational use of teaching resources .
2. Strengthen the construction of experimental technical team
Due to the imperfect evaluation mechanism of various laboratory work, the laboratory work does not have a complete assessment system and cannot mobilize the enthusiasm of laboratory staff. Therefore, it is necessary to update the concept, introduce competition and incentive mechanisms, and establish a comprehensive quality A good experimental technical team with high technical level and reasonable structure. The experimental technicians can implement the appointment system, clarify the job responsibilities and basic requirements according to the positions set up, announce the whole school, implement open, fair and fair recruitment, implement two-way selection, and finally, by means of a labor contract, both parties jointly recognize their rights, obligations and Responsibility, formulate necessary incentives and corresponding policies, and select and recommend high-level talents to participate in the construction of management laboratories. At the same time, the undergraduates and graduates can be hired as teaching assistants and assistants to improve their hands-on skills, and the cost of running schools can also be saved. The rapid development of modern science and technology, the acceleration of the high-tech level of modern science and education instruments, and the higher requirements for experimental technicians, regular training of experimental technicians to improve the overall level of the experimental technical team, can better serve the teaching. This not only mobilized the enthusiasm and creativity of the experimental staff, but also injected new vigor and vitality into the construction and development of the laboratory.
3. Digital experimental teaching resources, all-round open laboratory
(1) All-round open laboratory
Laboratory management can establish an experimental computer management system based on IC card card development, develop a "computer open laboratory comprehensive management system" suitable for itself, and implement unified and standardized fully automated management of four campuses to achieve time, space and Experimental projects are open in all directions. Using this system, users can perform user registration and information query through WEB, check their own machine time, and check the vacancy of each computer room in different campus laboratories. The system can also count the utilization rate of each computer room as a basis for assessing the workload of each district; set up an experimental equipment use management module in the system, which is specifically used for detailed management of the number, in-use status, and maintenance of each district.
The demonstration center requires students to set up improvement and research innovative experiments, and should occupy a certain proportion in all experimental projects. At present, most of the basic class experiments are verification experiments. This method is obviously insufficient for the comprehensive training of students' scientific style, experimental skills and comprehensive analysis, discovery and problem solving skills. To enable students to have innovation, entrepreneurial spirit and practical ability, open teaching can be implemented, the laboratory provides topic selection, students choose their own topics according to their own circumstances, the laboratory provides students with technical guidance and other comprehensive services; students can also set up their own interests Group, to develop some creative experiments, experiment teachers to guide and so on.
(2) Digital experimental teaching resources
In order to avoid the repeated construction of teaching resources, a resource server shared by four areas can be established to store the required computer teaching learning software, auxiliary teaching experiment software and multimedia teaching courseware. Streaming media technology can be used in conjunction with WED services and multimedia files to implement VOD network teaching. In VOD network teaching, students can achieve the best teaching effect through on-demand multimedia courseware, thereby improving teaching efficiency. Students can conduct experimental previews through the online experimental syllabus, experimental tutorials, and experimental guide books, understand the experimental purpose and basic experimental content of an experiment, basically master the operation methods of experimental instruments and equipment, and clarify the final requirements and experiments of the experiment Ways, methods, time, etc. of performance evaluation. In addition, the completed experiment report can be submitted online, and the experimental teacher can feedback it to the students in time after review, and put it on the server as the student's usual score. The experimental computer-based test system of our center has been running for several years. The test server stores the results of each test and the final computer-based test results, which provides an important basis for student score evaluation.
(3) Construct a virtual experimental teaching environment
"Promote the use of experimental techniques such as virtual and simulation, and at the same time promote the combination of virtual and simulated experiments with actual experiments for the necessary experiments." This is a requirement for the construction of the demonstration center. In recent years, due to the rapid development of virtual instrument theory and network technology, it has become possible to build a virtual laboratory through the network, so the construction of a virtual laboratory based on WEB has been mentioned on the agenda of educators.
A virtual laboratory is a heterogeneous problem-solving environment. Through computer network systems, researchers or students are not restricted by time and space, use virtual instruments and equipment, share data and computing resources, and obtain other information, discuss with peers or obtain teachers Remote guidance; learners in different positions can conduct experimental work on an experimental project at the same time, thus achieving a true opening, which is also in line with the development direction of multi-campus laboratories. It has the functions of navigation, self-test and self-assessment: learners understand the experimental requirements through online experimental teaching resources and can complete all experimental steps in the laboratory. The virtual laboratory system provides experimenters with a video window to observe the experiment process, and the learner can observe the experiment phenomena while operating. The laboratory can also provide experiment preparation knowledge with pictures and texts, rich and colorful experiment related materials, flexible operation interaction process, and instant and convenient experiment operation guidance, so that the experimenter can get real feelings in the process of completing the experiment. You can complete the experiment with your own efforts and meet the requirements of the syllabus. At the same time, the laboratory does not require teachers to be present, and learners and instructors can conduct online or asynchronous discussions (such as e-mail). Online synchronous mode: between learners, teachers and learners can sense each other online in real time, and communicate in real time, just like learners and teachers are teaching in a virtual classroom; asynchronous mode: learning You can post comments and ask questions in the online thinking forum.
With its ability to realize remote sharing and even remote control of instruments and equipment across time, space, and disciplines, the virtual laboratory meets the requirements of scientific research and teaching on distributed experimental systems, and at the same time solves the difficult problem of teaching resources. Many research institutes abroad have carried out relevant beneficial attempts: such as the Carnegie Mellon virtual laboratory at Carnegie-Mellon University, the virtual engineering and science laboratory at Johns Hopkins University, and the online engineering laboratory at Tennessee University. Example. This is a good reference for us.
3. Some problems that should be paid attention to in the laboratory construction
1. The regulations of laboratory management of the Ministry of Education should be followed
In the construction of the Demonstration Demonstration Center, it is necessary to create its own characteristics according to its own situation, and to abide by the regulations of the Ministry of Education on laboratory management. The regulations of the Ministry of Education on laboratory management are the standards for laboratory evaluation and acceptance in the future, for example In the "Evaluation Standard Form for Basic Course Teaching Laboratory of Colleges and Universities", there are hard indicators for the laboratory system and management, experimental teaching, instruments and equipment, experimental teams, etc., and all the contents should be reflected in the database. These contents are The basis for future experimental analysis and laboratory construction.
2. Achieve interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary integration
According to the needs of the country's economic construction and social development for comprehensive talents, interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary interdisciplinary disciplines have formed new discipline growth points.
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