First, use
The sixth and fifth type compass is a simple measuring device for determining azimuth, distance, level, slope (pitch angle), altitude, speed between the marching vehicles, and simple maps. It is painted on its corresponding parts for night use. Luminous powder.
Second, the structure is simple
The instrument is mainly composed of a compass and an odometer, such as (Figure 1).
The compass part has a ring (l) and a dial seat (2). There are two kinds of ruled lines on the dial plate, and the outer ring is a 360-degree system. Each line is 1 degree. The inner circle is designated as 6000 (sec) and the circumference is engraved with 300 lines. Each line has a value of 20 (dense bit), magnetic needle (3), goniometer (4), and the pitch division is in degrees. Each line is 25 degrees. Pitch angle can be measured 60 degrees. The odometer consists of a mileage schedule, a speed schedule (8), a test wheel (9), and a gear hand. Mileage division has l: 50000, l: 100000 two kinds of scale scale value. The scale of 1:100000 corresponds to 1 kilometer per line. l: 50000 corresponds to 0.5 km per line. Can be used with maps that have proportional or multiplied proportions. There are 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 km/h on the outer dial and 10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30 km/h on the inner dial. (V), a total of 15 speeds. Each reticle in the time scale corresponds to 5 minutes (10 minutes for V25). The instrument has a surveying ruler on the side and distance estimators at both ends. The length of the two tips of the estimator was 12.3 mm, and the length between sight and sight was 123 mm. That is 10 times the length of the tip.
Third, the use of methods
(a) Determination of orientation
1, determine the current direction of the northeast to southwest
(1) Open the compass instrument. Make the orientation index "â–³" aligned with "?"
(2) Turn the compass. After the magnetic needle is pointed at the north end and is aligned with “?â€, the direction in which the magnetic needle is pointed is northward, and it can be directly read on the azimuth glass in the directions of east, south, west and north.
2, calibration map location
The compass map is used to align the bearing on the map with the local location.
(1) Turn on the instrument and adjust the dial base so that the orientation index "â–³" is aligned with the number of magnetic declination angles in the area;
(2) tangent to the true meridian or coordinate vertical line on the map (ie, the inner map profile of the east and west maps);
(3) Turn the map so that the north end of the magnetic needle points to “Oâ€. The orientation on the map is exactly the same as the local place.
3, determine the magnetic azimuth
The magnetic azimuth of the target on the A measurement chart
(1) Accurately mark the map with the compass and keep the map intact;
(2) aligning the surveying and mapping ruler with the line connecting the target point and the target point, and adjusting the dial seat so that the index "â–³" is aligned with the "O" score line;
(3) After the magnetic needle is at rest, the scale on the dial seat at the north end is the magnetic azimuth value from the point to the target point.
B. Determine the magnetic azimuth of the current target
(1) Turn on the instrument so that the azimuth index "△" is aligned with "O" and the mirror and the dial base are slightly angled at 45°;
(2) Pierce the ring with your thumb, hold the instrument flat, and aim at the target to be measured by sighting and sighting;
(3) Looking from the reflector Looking at the northward end of the magnetic needle The division on the dial bracket is the magnetic azimuth value of the current target.
(two) measuring distance
1. Use a surveying scale to directly measure the distance on the map
2, with mileage measurement reading map distance
(l) first return the red pointer to "O";
(2) Hold the instrument flatly, lightly place the odometry wheel on the starting point, and scroll forward to the end point along the measured path;
(3) According to the reticle on the scale on the pointer, the corresponding physical distance can be read directly. For example, on the 1:50000 map, from point A to point B, the 1:50 000 scale on the surface of the instrument refers to 14 lines, then the distance between the two points on site is 7 kilometers. If we measure 14 lines on the 1:100000 map, then the distance between the two places is 14 kilometers. In addition, maps with a proportional (eg, 1:25,000) or multiplication ratio (eg, 1:20000 and 1:500000) may also be read in a converted quantity.
Figure 2 Location
3. Use a distance estimator to roughly determine the distance to the current target.
The distance between the tip of the distance estimator on the instrument is 1/10 of the distance between the collimation and the foresight, and the distance of the target can be determined by using the similar triangle relationship.
(1) Knowing the distance between the two targets (objects) and their points, find the interval between these two targets (objects), using the following formula:
Interval between two goals = Distance between two targets and standing point XI/10
Open the instrument with the eye close to the sighting target. For example, the two targets (objects) are exactly caught by the two ends of the distance estimator (as shown in the figure (2)). The distance between the two target points and the point is 100. m, the interval between the two target points is
100X1/10=10 meters. The rest can be calculated in this way.
In addition, the following formula may be used when the spacing between the two objects (objects) in front is not exactly the same as the distance between the two tips of the distance estimator and is less than or greater than the distance between them.
The interval between the two target points = the distance between the two targets and the point X1/10X The multiple of the two tip intervals occupied by the two targets
Example: It is known that the distance between the two targets and the standing point is 100 meters. The interval between the two targets is measured as 7/10 of the distance between the two tips of the distance estimator. The interval between the two targets is: 100X1/10x710=7 meters. same. If the interval between the two targets is 1.5 times the distance between the two tips of the distance finder, the interval between the two targets is:
100X1/10X1.5=15 meters.
(2) The width of the known object or the interval between the two objects, and the distance between the target and the point, can be calculated using the following formula:
Distance between target and standing point = interval of known target X10
Example: It is known that the interval between the two targets in front is 12 meters, which is exactly the distance between the two tips of the distance estimator. The distance between the target point and the standing point is: 12 x 10 = 120 meters.
In addition, the target's interval is known, but when aiming, it is less than or greater than the distance between the two tips of the distance estimator, and the following formula can be used:
The actual interval of the target X10
The distance between the target and the spot = ——————————————————
Target is a multiple of the distance between the two tips of the distance estimator
Note: The method of using distance estimator to measure the distance to the current target is simple, but the accuracy is not high.
(c) Marching time and speed calculation
Using the speed schedule on the instrument, while measuring the mileage, the time required for the marching or the marching speed within the specified time can be measured. The method is as follows:
l. Calculation of march time: Turn on the instrument and reset the pointer of the odometer (on the red line of the dial). While calculating the mileage of the destination, the speed schedule will be according to 1:100000 scale mileage, pointing out that 13,15,17,19,21,23,25 km/h (outside the meter, clockwise reading) and 10 , 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30 km/h, (inner side, counterclockwise readings) speed marching time required. If the mileage is measured on a 1:500 scale map, use a finger to tap the test wheel to reduce the mileage by half. The speed and time indicated by the pointer are the requirements. For example: The distance measured on a 1:50 000 scale map is 40 km. If you follow the “V20†speed to complete the journey, find the required time. First, set the pointer to the 20-kilometer scale of 1:50000, and the pointer will refer to the request within the V20 circle. If the specified speed is not on the table To display the speed, find out the speed with which the power is multiplied. Multiply it by the multiplier to find the time. For example, if the speed per hour is 5 kilometers and the mileage is 30 kilometers, find the time and read it: “V10†is 3 hours. Since "V10" is 2 times V5, multiply the number by 2 or dial the test wheel so that the pointer indicates that the V10 is read at 60 kilometers for 6 hours, and if V6 is read at "V6", it will be multiplied by 3 or dialed. The wheel indicates that the pointer reads "V18" at 90 kilometers for 5 hours, and so on.
(Note: The above calculations do not include the march breaks, slopes, and bend coefficients for adjustments and road measurements. When organizing marches, relevant data should be added to the table).
2, the calculation of the march speed, in determining the mileage of the destination, according to the required time limit, according to the speed and time calculation table to select the appropriate speed within the prescribed time limit (Note: If the scale of 1:50 000 scale should be specified The time limit is doubled to choose) as the marching speed.
(Note: When seeking the speed of the march, join the relevant marching data and calculate accordingly)
(d) Determination of Inclined Slope (Pitch Angle)
Open the instrument, make the mirror and the dial seat slightly 45 degrees, holding the instrument side by side, aim along the sighted and quasi-satellite edge, and make the line of sight parallel to the slope, let the goniometer swing freely, and look at the angle from the mirror. The scale division on the pitch angle meter indicated by the center engraved line is the desired pitch angle (gradient).
(five) Measurement target height
Knowing the horizontal distance between the target (object) and the point, first determine the pitch angle of the target, and then check the altimeter (see Attachment 1) to know the height of the target.
The method is as follows:
1. From the map or distance estimator, obtain the horizontal distance between the location and the target (such as the top of the mountain, the chimney, the spire, etc.).
2. Hold the instrument side by side and follow the sight and sight to the top of the target. Let the goniometer swing freely and see the tilt angle indicated by the goniometer.
3, view the altimeter (Annex 1) or use the meter formula to calculate the height. Example: It is known that the horizontal distance from the measuring point to the measured object is 100 meters. The tilt angle is measured by the instrument to 30 degrees. Then the altimeter is checked. In the 100 meters horizontal grid, the vertical grid is aligned to 30 degrees. The height of the measured object is 57.74. Meter.
Fourth, the instrument maintenance and maintenance
1. Do not place the instrument near ferromagnetic material. In order to avoid loss of magnetic.
2. The object cannot be struck by the surveying scale so as not to affect the measurement accuracy.
3, mirrors do not twist, so as not to affect the sighting and reading division, the surface should be kept clean, do not use dirty cloth, hand rub.
4, the instrument should be closed when not in use. Put it in a box. Be careful not to bump.
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