The performance of the UV lamp that affects curing can be completely accurately linked with four characteristics: UV spectral distribution, radiance, radiation amount and infrared radiation.
1. Spectral distribution
Describe the wavelength distribution of the phase radiant energy as one of the functions of the emission wavelength of the lamp or the radiant energy reaching the surface layer. It is often expressed in a related standardized terminology. In order to display the distribution of UV energy, the spectral energy can be combined into a spectral band of lOnm to form a distribution table. This allows comparison between different UV lamps and easier calculation of spectral energy and power.
The wavelength of ultraviolet rays is 200nm-400nm for ultraviolet curing
Generally, online detection uses a multi-band ray detector to characterize the spectral radiance or the amount of radiation. The relative information useful for the spectral distribution is obtained by sampling the radiant energy in a relatively narrow (20hm-60nm) frequency band. The structure of ray detectors of different manufacturers is different, and it is possible to compare them with each other, but it is very difficult. There is no such standard so that models and manufacturers can be compared.
Spectral distribution data of metal halogen lamps and mercury lamps of ultraviolet lamps:
The high-pressure mercury lamp has a main wavelength of 365nm and a range around 254nm, 303nm, and 313nm. The high-efficiency ultraviolet wavelength is mainly used in the curing of UV varnish and ink; the metal halogen lamp mainly emits ultraviolet in the range of 200nm-245nm The wavelength, compared with the high-pressure mercury lamp, emits more ultraviolet light at longer wavelengths, which is mainly used in the curing of UV inks.
2. UV radiation
Radiance is the radiated power that reaches the surface per unit area. The degree of radiance is expressed in watts per square centimeter or watts. It varies with the output power, efficiency, focusing of the reflective system and the distance to the surface of the lamp (it is a characteristic of the lamp and its geometry, so it has nothing to do with speed) The high intensity, peak focused power placed directly under the UV lamp is referred to as the peak radiance. Radiation includes all factors related to power, efficiency, radiant output, reflectivity, focused bulb size and geometry.
Due to the absorption properties of UV curable materials, the light energy reaching below the surface layer is less than that of the surface layer. The curing conditions in these areas may be significantly different. A material with a thick optical thickness (high absorption, thick physical structure, or both) may reduce the light efficiency, resulting in insufficient curing of the deep layer of the material. The higher radiance of the surface in the ink or coating will provide relatively higher light energy. The depth of curing is more affected by the degree of radiation than by the longer exposure time (radiation amount). The effect of radioactivity is more important for films with high absorption (high opacity).
The high radiance allows the use of less phototrigger. The increase in photon density increases the collision of photon phototrigger, thereby compensating for the decrease in phototrigger concentration. This is effective for thicker coatings because the phototrigger on the surface layer absorbs and prevents the phototrigger molecules from reaching the deep layer at the same wavelength.
3. UV radiation
Radiation energy reaching a unit area of ​​the surface. Radiation represents the total amount of photons that reach the surface (while radiance is the rate of arrival). Under any given light source, the amount of radiation is inversely proportional to the speed and directly proportional to the amount of exposure. Radiation is the time accumulation of radiance, expressed in joules per square centimeter (there is no information about the radiance or spectral content replaced by the measurement of the radiance, it is simply the accumulation of the energy of the exposed surface). The significance is that it is the only characteristic manifestation that includes the speed parameter and the exposure time parameter.
4. Infrared radiation density
Infrared radiation is mainly infrared energy emitted by quartz bubbles from a UV source. Infrared energy and UV energy are collected together and focused on the working surface layer. This depends on the reflectivity of IR and the efficiency of the reflector. lR energy can be converted into radiation amount or radiation unit. But in general, the surface temperature it produces is the most important thing to pay attention to, and the heat it produces may be harmful or beneficial.
There are many technologies that combine UV lamps to solve the relationship between temperature and IR, which can be divided into reducing emission, transmitting and controlling heat movement. The emission reduction is achieved by using a small diameter bulb, because it is the surface area of ​​the hot quartz that emits all of the IR. The reduction in transmission can be achieved by using a dichroic reflector behind the lamp, or a dichroic window between the lamp and the target. The movement of heat reduces the temperature of the target, but only after IR has caused the temperature to rise, a cold air flow or heat sink can be used to control the movement of heat. The absorption of IR energy is determined by the material itself, the ink, coating or tomb. The speed has a significant effect on the temperature caused by the incident IR energy and the energy absorbed by the working surface. The faster the process, the less m energy is absorbed, causing a temperature increase. The production process can be accelerated by improving efficiency.
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