At present, the decoration of ceramic ware has changed from hand-painted and spray-painted to screen-printed decals. However, some screen printers do not know much about screen-printing technology of ceramic decals. This article will focus on this technology. Problems, make a brief introduction, I hope I can play an introductory effect.
First, the use of screen printing ceramic decals and features
1) Ceramic decals are mainly used for the decoration of ceramic utensils patterns and colors, replacing the hand-painted and spray-painted colors used in the past.
2), silk screen ceramic decal paper resolution up to 40 ~ 50 lines / CM.
3) After the silk screen ink pattern on the ceramic decal is affixed to the ceramic ware, it must be fired at 700-800°C or 1100-1350°C in order to adhere firmly, and the color will depend on the type of the colorant in the ceramic.
4) Ceramic applique paper is a carrier of ceramic ink. It is divided into ceramic glaze applique paper and ceramic underglaze applique paper. The type of flower paper is different due to its composition.
5) Due to the strong hiding power and poor transparency of ceramic inks, the principle of three primary colors cannot be used for printing at present. Dot printing uses non-overprinting side-by-side special color ink dot printing.
6) The ink printed on the glaze decal paper is a high-temperature solvent ink; the ink printed on the underglaze decal paper is a high-temperature water-based ink.
Second, the classification of ceramic decals silk screen
According to the order of decals and glazing and the different sintering methods, it can be divided into silk screen printing on ceramic glaze paper and silk screen printing on ceramic underglaze paper.
1). Silk screen sticker on ceramic glaze: It is to glaze the ceramic vessel first, then apply the paper and then sinter. The pattern was printed on a PVB (polyvinyl butyral) film surface using a ceramic ink screen. The PVB film was coated twice with a PVB solution on a backing paper coated with vinyl chloride adhesive (180 g/m2) (total thickness: 0.01-0.011mm) was obtained. When used, the bottom paper is first separated from the screen printed PVB film, then the PVB film is immersed in alcohol and then transferred to the surface of the ceramic ware glaze. After sintering at 780-830° C., the PVB film is carbonized and decomposed, and the pattern is attached to the ceramic ware. On the glaze, the color transfer of the ceramic vessel is completed.
2) Screen printing of ceramic underglaze decals: Firstly, decals are applied to the embryos of ceramic vessels, and then a layer of transparent enamel is sintered at 1350°C to form colored ceramic ware. The pattern will be printed on floral paper. The flower paper is obtained by temporarily blending tissue paper and 180G/M2 wood pulp paper. The mixture liquid is generally prepared by using a binding liquid and a filling liquid at a certain ratio and concentration. When mixing, a special mixing liquid must be used. The carrier of the pattern is tissue paper, also called leather paper. When used, the carrier paper is transferred to the ceramic embryo. After the liner is peeled off, a layer of transparent enamel is applied to cover the entire ceramic embryo, and then the ceramic embryo is sintered at 1350 DEG C. into colored ceramic ware.
Third, the composition of porcelain ink.
1) Composition of screen printing porcelain ink on glaze
Binder: Solid resin and organic solvent that dissolves the resin, ie, film forming material.
Coloring agent: A metal oxide that determines the color hue after firing.
Auxiliaries: increase the brightness of the pigments, so that the screen printing porcelain ink will be fused with the ceramic glaze after baking and burning. General lead glass body, low melting point boron.
2) The composition of the underglazed silk-screened porcelain ink is the same as the screen-printed porcelain ink on the glaze, but the connecting material is a water-soluble material.
Fourth, silkscreen and plate-making materials used in screen printing porcelain ink.
1, using yellow and other colored nylon mesh
2. General products use 270-320 mesh/inch wire mesh and flower surface with 220-250 mesh/inch wire mesh to produce relief effect. Fine text products use 340-400 mesh/inch wire mesh.
3, color screen printing minimum screen line: head = 1:3, but must consider the thickness of the ceramic ink particles, over the net is convenient and does not produce a combination of factors such as moire.
4. The moire phenomenon of color dot printing can be eliminated or reduced by changing the number of screen meshes, screen angles or stretch angles, dot types, and dot arrangement methods.
5. The screen used for silk screen glaze porcelain ink is a solvent-resistant screen plate, and it is made of photosensitive oil or capillary film, or water-oil emulsion film; the screen used for silk screen underglazed porcelain ink is a water-resistant screen plate. With water-based emulsion or water oil two sexy light plastic plate.
Fifth, silk screen ceramic decals attention.
1. The screen printing workplace temperature is maintained in the range of 22-26°C, and the relative humidity is 65-70%.
2. For the decals used for under-glaze silk screen printing, before silk screen printing, the number of printed papers should first enter the number of screen printing sites (depending on the weather), and then print after the telescopic stability.
3, the color of the decals, each color printed and dried, should be allowed to air for a certain period of time, until the moisture content of the paper is restored, before the next color printing.
4. The miscibility of screen printing porcelain ink is poor, improper mixing, chemical reaction during sintering, deterioration of color or popping flowers, etc. Therefore, porcelain ink with good compatibility should be used as far as possible.
From the above, it can be seen that the ceramic decals used in different ceramic decoration processes are different, and the printing process and the retina version of different ceramic decals and the inks used are also different. Therefore, before the printing of ceramic decals, it is necessary to clarify the specific ceramic decoration process and the application requirements of the decals printing process and materials in order to reduce waste, reduce costs, and improve efficiency.
First, the use of screen printing ceramic decals and features
1) Ceramic decals are mainly used for the decoration of ceramic utensils patterns and colors, replacing the hand-painted and spray-painted colors used in the past.
2), silk screen ceramic decal paper resolution up to 40 ~ 50 lines / CM.
3) After the silk screen ink pattern on the ceramic decal is affixed to the ceramic ware, it must be fired at 700-800°C or 1100-1350°C in order to adhere firmly, and the color will depend on the type of the colorant in the ceramic.
4) Ceramic applique paper is a carrier of ceramic ink. It is divided into ceramic glaze applique paper and ceramic underglaze applique paper. The type of flower paper is different due to its composition.
5) Due to the strong hiding power and poor transparency of ceramic inks, the principle of three primary colors cannot be used for printing at present. Dot printing uses non-overprinting side-by-side special color ink dot printing.
6) The ink printed on the glaze decal paper is a high-temperature solvent ink; the ink printed on the underglaze decal paper is a high-temperature water-based ink.
Second, the classification of ceramic decals silk screen
According to the order of decals and glazing and the different sintering methods, it can be divided into silk screen printing on ceramic glaze paper and silk screen printing on ceramic underglaze paper.
1). Silk screen sticker on ceramic glaze: It is to glaze the ceramic vessel first, then apply the paper and then sinter. The pattern was printed on a PVB (polyvinyl butyral) film surface using a ceramic ink screen. The PVB film was coated twice with a PVB solution on a backing paper coated with vinyl chloride adhesive (180 g/m2) (total thickness: 0.01-0.011mm) was obtained. When used, the bottom paper is first separated from the screen printed PVB film, then the PVB film is immersed in alcohol and then transferred to the surface of the ceramic ware glaze. After sintering at 780-830° C., the PVB film is carbonized and decomposed, and the pattern is attached to the ceramic ware. On the glaze, the color transfer of the ceramic vessel is completed.
2) Screen printing of ceramic underglaze decals: Firstly, decals are applied to the embryos of ceramic vessels, and then a layer of transparent enamel is sintered at 1350°C to form colored ceramic ware. The pattern will be printed on floral paper. The flower paper is obtained by temporarily blending tissue paper and 180G/M2 wood pulp paper. The mixture liquid is generally prepared by using a binding liquid and a filling liquid at a certain ratio and concentration. When mixing, a special mixing liquid must be used. The carrier of the pattern is tissue paper, also called leather paper. When used, the carrier paper is transferred to the ceramic embryo. After the liner is peeled off, a layer of transparent enamel is applied to cover the entire ceramic embryo, and then the ceramic embryo is sintered at 1350 DEG C. into colored ceramic ware.
Third, the composition of porcelain ink.
1) Composition of screen printing porcelain ink on glaze
Binder: Solid resin and organic solvent that dissolves the resin, ie, film forming material.
Coloring agent: A metal oxide that determines the color hue after firing.
Auxiliaries: increase the brightness of the pigments, so that the screen printing porcelain ink will be fused with the ceramic glaze after baking and burning. General lead glass body, low melting point boron.
2) The composition of the underglazed silk-screened porcelain ink is the same as the screen-printed porcelain ink on the glaze, but the connecting material is a water-soluble material.
Fourth, silkscreen and plate-making materials used in screen printing porcelain ink.
1, using yellow and other colored nylon mesh
2. General products use 270-320 mesh/inch wire mesh and flower surface with 220-250 mesh/inch wire mesh to produce relief effect. Fine text products use 340-400 mesh/inch wire mesh.
3, color screen printing minimum screen line: head = 1:3, but must consider the thickness of the ceramic ink particles, over the net is convenient and does not produce a combination of factors such as moire.
4. The moire phenomenon of color dot printing can be eliminated or reduced by changing the number of screen meshes, screen angles or stretch angles, dot types, and dot arrangement methods.
5. The screen used for silk screen glaze porcelain ink is a solvent-resistant screen plate, and it is made of photosensitive oil or capillary film, or water-oil emulsion film; the screen used for silk screen underglazed porcelain ink is a water-resistant screen plate. With water-based emulsion or water oil two sexy light plastic plate.
Fifth, silk screen ceramic decals attention.
1. The screen printing workplace temperature is maintained in the range of 22-26°C, and the relative humidity is 65-70%.
2. For the decals used for under-glaze silk screen printing, before silk screen printing, the number of printed papers should first enter the number of screen printing sites (depending on the weather), and then print after the telescopic stability.
3, the color of the decals, each color printed and dried, should be allowed to air for a certain period of time, until the moisture content of the paper is restored, before the next color printing.
4. The miscibility of screen printing porcelain ink is poor, improper mixing, chemical reaction during sintering, deterioration of color or popping flowers, etc. Therefore, porcelain ink with good compatibility should be used as far as possible.
From the above, it can be seen that the ceramic decals used in different ceramic decoration processes are different, and the printing process and the retina version of different ceramic decals and the inks used are also different. Therefore, before the printing of ceramic decals, it is necessary to clarify the specific ceramic decoration process and the application requirements of the decals printing process and materials in order to reduce waste, reduce costs, and improve efficiency.
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