How to Master the Virtual Thickness of Asphalt Concrete Paving
When paving asphalt concrete, one of the most critical factors to control is the thickness of the layer being laid. This is often referred to as the "loosening coefficient." If this coefficient is not properly managed, the compacted asphalt may end up too thin, which can compromise the quality of the project and lead to increased costs and delays in the schedule.
The loosening coefficient varies depending on the type of asphalt mixture, the construction equipment used, and the specific techniques applied. It's typically determined through practical experience or by referencing standard values. The table below provides recommended loosening coefficients for different types of asphalt mixtures and paving methods.
**Loosening Coefficients for Asphalt Mixtures**
| Mix Type | Mechanical Paving | Manual Paving |
|------------------------|-------------------|---------------|
| Asphalt Concrete Mixture | 1.15–1.35 | 1.25–1.45 |
| Asphalt Gravel Mix | 1.15–1.30 | 1.20–1.40 |
**How to Control the Temperature of Asphalt During Construction**
Asphalt concrete is produced through a thermal process involving heated aggregates and asphalt. This means that transportation, paving, and compaction must all be carried out under controlled temperature conditions. Any deviation from the required temperatures—either too high or too low—can negatively impact the final quality of the pavement and may even require costly rework.
In addition to material processing, environmental conditions also play a significant role in determining the appropriate operating temperatures. Different types of asphalt have varying requirements. Below is a detailed table outlining the temperature ranges for various asphalt types and their respective processes.
**Working Temperatures for Hot Mix Asphalt**
| Asphalt Type | Oil Types | AH-50 | AH-70 | AH-90 | A-60 | AH-110 | AH-130 | A-100/A-140 | A-180 | A-200 |
|--------------------------|-----------------------------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|--------------|------------|------------|
| Asphalt Heating Temp (°C) | | 150–170 | 140–160 | 130–150 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mineral Material Temp (°C) | Gap Type Mixing Machine | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| | Continuous Mixer | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Asphalt Mix Factory Temp (°C) | | 140–160 | 125–160 | 120–150 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mixer Storage Temp (°C) | | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Transport to Site Temp (°C)| | 130–150 | 130–150 | 120–150 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Paving Temp (°C) | Normal Construction | 110–130 | 110–130 | 110–130 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| | Low Temperature Construction | 120–140 | 120–140 | 120–140 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Rolling Temp (°C) | Normal Construction | 110–140 | 110–140 | 110–140 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| | Low Temperature Construction | 120–150 | 120–150 | 120–150 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Rolling End Temp (°C) | Steel Roller | ≥70 | ≥70 | ≥70 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| | Tire Roller | ≥80 | ≥80 | ≥80 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| | Vibratory Roller | ≥65 | ≥65 | ≥65 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
**Notes:**
1. The construction temperature depends on the type and viscosity of the asphalt. Thicker asphalt should be worked at the higher end of the range, while lighter asphalt can be handled closer to the lower limit.
2. If the factory temperature exceeds the normal upper limit by 30°C, the mixture should be discarded to avoid poor performance and potential failure.
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